CD (n = 40) | ND (n = 47) | Regression coefficient β (95 % CI) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | End | Baseline | End | Unadjusted | Adjusted | P a | |
Energy, kJ | 8074 ± 2173 | 8301 ± 1542 | 8077 ± 1757 | 8537 ± 1791 | 235 (−484 to 954) | 297 (−218 to 813) | 0.254 |
Protein, E% | 17.2 ± 2.4 | 17.0 ± 2.3 | 16.7 ± 2.7 | 16.8 ± 2.3 | −0.1 (−1.1 to 0.9) | 0.1 (−0.8 to 1.0) | 0.772 |
Carbohydrate, E% | 46.4 ± 2.3 | 43.2 ± 7.0 | 45.1 ± 5.8 | 45.5 ± 5.2 | 2.3 (0.6 to 4.5) | 2.5 (0.5 to 4.4) | 0.013 |
Sucrose, g | 40.1 ± 17.3 | 34.8 ± 15.4 | 41.2 ± 15.2 | 37.6 ± 15.6 | 2.8 (−3.9 to 9.4) | 1.8 (−4.0 to 7.6) | 0.541 |
Fat, E% | 32.1 ± 6.2 | 35.7 ± 5.1 | 32.5 ± 7.3 | 32.9 ± 5.1 | −2.8 (−4.9 to − 0.6) | −2.9 (−5.0 to − 0.9) | 0.005 |
SFA, E% | 13.0 ± 3.2 | 15.3 ± 2.9 | 13.2 ± 3.5 | 10.8 ± 2.3 | −4.5 (−5.6 to − 3.4) | −4.8 (−5.8 to − 3.7) | <0.001 |
MUFA, E% | 11.5 ± 2.3 | 12.8 ± 2.0 | 11.6 ± 2.8 | 12.7 ± 2.2 | −0.1 (−1.0 to 0.8) | −0.1 (−0.9 to 0.7) | 0.864 |
PUFA, E% | 4.7 ± 1.6 | 4.5 ± 1.1 | 4.9 ± 1.4 | 6.9 ± 1.5 | 2.5 (1.9 to 3.0) | 2.5 (1.9 to 3.0) | <0.001 |
Linoleic acid, g | 7.3 ± 2.4 | 8.2 ± 2.8 | 8.0 ± 3.0 | 8.7 ± 3.9 | 0.5 (−0.9 to 2.0) | 0.5 (−0.9 to 1.9) | 0.517 |
α-Linolenic acid, g | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 1.4 | 0.7 (0.2 to 1.2) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.1) | <0.001 |
Fiber, g | 21.2 ± 6.5 | 16.4 ± 4.9 | 21.7 ± 7.2 | 36 ± 10.1 | 19.6 (16.2 to 23.1) | 19.5 (16.2 to 22.8) | <0.001 |
Cholesterol, mg | 268 ± 127 | 283 ± 118 | 254 ± 102 | 214 ± 74 | −69 (−111 to − 28) | −58 (−90 to − 25) | 0.001 |
Salt, g | 7.2 ± 2.9 | 7.0 ± 2.0 | 7.1 ± 2.2 | 6.5 ± 2.4 | −0.4 (−1.4 to 0.5) | −0.3 (−1.1 to 0.5) | 0.478 |
β-Carotene, mg | 2561 ± 2090 | 1733 ± 1173 | 2449 ± 1891 | 2987 ± 1857 | 1254 (578 to 1930) | 1213 (543 to 1884) | 0.001 |
Vitamin C, mg | 120 ± 100 | 66 ± 32 | 112 ± 59 | 138 ± 50 | 72 (54 to 90) | 72 (54 to 91) | <0.001 |
Vitamin E, mg | 8.9 ± 3.4 | 8.2 ± 2.2 | 9.5 ± 3.4 | 13.6 ± 3.0 | 5.3 (4.2 to 6.5) | 5.2 (4.1 to 6.2) | <0.001 |
Folate, mg | 251 ± 76 | 226 ± 63 | 271 ± 83 | 343 ± 172 | 117 (60 to 174) | 104 (51 to 158) | <0.001 |
Sodium, mg | 2855 ± 1151 | 2722 ± 78 | 2813 ± 878 | 2654 ± 980 | −68 (−451 to 314) | −27 (−337 to 284) | 0.865 |
Potassium, mg | 3711 ± 1175 | 3276 ± 933 | 3626 ± 975 | 4017 ± 910 | 742 (348 to 1135) | 767 (482 to 1053) | <0.001 |
Magnesium, mg | 359 ± 111 | 309 ± 82 | 370 ± 101 | 421 ± 101 | 112 (73 to 152) | 106 (79 to 132) | <0.001 |
Calcium, mg | 1006 ± 411 | 951 ± 383 | 967 ± 370 | 997 ± 310 | 46 (−102 to 193) | 60 (−43 to 163) | 0.250 |
Alcohol, E% | 2.1 ± 2.8 | 3.0 ± 3.3 | 3.0 ± 4.1 | 1.8 ± 2.9 | −1.2 (−2.5 to 0.1) | −1.2 (−2.3 to − 0.1) | 0.036 |