Edge Label | Interaction Explanation |
---|---|
i | Represents the process of glucose uptake and its multi-step conversion via various enzymes to Pyruvate [37, 38] |
ii | Represents the allosteric inhibition of the PDK enzymes by Pyruvate [25]. |
iii | Represents the inhibition of PDC by PDKs via site-specific phosphorylation [1, 25]. |
iv | Represents the involvement of PDC in converting Pyruvate into Acetyl-CoA via decarboxylation [37, 38]. |
v | Represents the consumption of Pyruvate to create Acetyl-CoA via PDC mediated decarboxylation [26]. |
vi | Represents the allosteric activation of PDKs via NADH and ATP produced during the TCA cycle fuelled by Acetyl-CoA [1]. |
vii | Represents the conversion of Acetyl-CoA to Citrate in the mitochondria, part of which is transported into the cytoplasm [27, 39]. |
viii | Represents the inhibition of phosphofructokinases (PFKs) by cellular Citrate, thereby inhibiting the production of Pyruvate from Glucose [28, 29]. |
ix | Represents the conversion of Citrate to Malonyl-CoA through the Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACACA) mediated carboxylation [1]. |
x | Represents the utilisation of Malonyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis [27, 39]. |
xi | Represents the reconversion of Citrate to Acetyl-CoA in the cytoplasm to be used for fatty acid synthesis alongside Malonyl-CoA [27, 39]. |
xii | Represents the breakdown of fatty acids to Acyl-CoA, transport into the mitochondria via the carnitine transport process and conversion to Acetyl-CoA for the TCA cycle [30, 40]. |
xiii | Represents the inhibition of the carnitine transport process by Malonyl-CoA, thereby affecting Acetyl-CoA production [1]. |
xiv | Represents the negative effect of Acetyl-CoA on AMPK activity via higher ATP and lower AMP concentrations [1, 31]. |
xv | Represents the inhibition of Malonyl-CoA production by the AMPK mediated inhibition of ACACA [1, 31]. |
xvi | Represents the increased activity of PDKs by cellular fatty acids via Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPAR γ) signalling [25, 32–34]. |
xvii | Represents the uptake of circulating fatty acids into the cell [35, 36]. |
xviii | Highly abstracted representation of circulating fatty acid regulation outside the cell. |
xix | Highly abstracted representation of circulating glucose regulation outside the cell. |