Nutrients and nipple aspirate fluid composition: the breast microenvironment regulates protein expression and cancer aetiology

Table 1 Studies on the effects of dietary supplementation on NAFs collected from healthy and breast cancer women

Exogenous and endogenous compounds	References
Estrogen and steroid hormones	[18, 30, 42, 44]
Fibres	[4, 25, 28]
Fruits and vegetables	[10, 25, 53, 59]
Carotenoids	[9–11, 37, 53, 59]
α-carotene	[10, 25]
β-carotene (trans- and cis- forms)	[10, 25]
Lycopene	[7, 25]
trans- and cis-lycopene	[10]
2,6-cyclolycopene-1,5-diol	[7]
Lutein	[10, 25]
Zeaxanthin	[10, 25]
α-Cryptoxanthin	[10]
β-cryptoxantin	[10, 25]
Vitamins	[11, 25]
provitamin A	[9]
vitamin E	[9]
retinol	[10, 11, 25]
tocopherol	[10, 11, 25]
α– tocopherol	[10, 25]
δ-tocopherol	[10]
γ-tocopherol	[10, 25]
Lactose	[8, 19, 23, 24, 47, 48, 57]
Lipids	[4, 9, 10, 24, 25, 28–30, 42, 49, 63]
PUFA	[49]
Cholesterol, epoxides and metabolites	[10, 11, 17, 18, 25, 29, 31, 42, 44–46, 50, 62]
Isoprostanes	[10, 11, 18, 31]
Soy	[22, 33, 45]
isoflavones	[18, 45]
Genistein	[33, 45]
Daidzein	[33, 45]

ISSN: 1865-3499