Fig. 3

Effect of neem leaf extract on the inhibition of TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation assessed by a Dual-Glo™ Luciferase assay system. K562 (a) or Jurkat (b) cells were pretreated with neem leaf extract at various concentrations of 160–300 μg/ml and incubated for 2 h, followed by TNF-α stimulation for an additional incubation period of 6 h. Results were presented as mean and the standard deviation of 4 individual measurements. Experiments were performed in triplicate. * and **, significantly different from positive control (P < 0.05 and 0.01, respectively)