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Table 2 Overview of human studies that demonstrate an association between IBS and compositional dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota determined with culture-independent methods

From: Intestinal microbiota in human health and disease: the impact of probiotics

Study material

Population

Analytical methods

References

Faeces (3 time points)

27 IBS patients

22 Healthy individuals

qPCR

Malinen et al. (2005)*

Faeces (3 time points)

26 IBS patients

25 Healthy individuals

Conventional culturing

DGGE

Clone library sequencing (16S)

Mättö et al. (2005)*

Biopsies: inflamed and non-inflamed tissue (ileum, ascending/sigmoid colon)

20 CD patients

20 UC patients

20 Self-limiting colitis patients

20 IBS patients

20 Healthy individuals

FISH

Swidsinski et al. (2005)

Faeces (2 time points)

16 IBS patients

16 Healthy individuals

DGGE

TRAC

Maukonen et al. (2006)*

Faeces

24 IBS patients

23 Healthy individuals

G+C based profiling

Clone library sequencing (16S)

qPCR

Kassinen et al. (2007)*

Duodenal biopsies

Faeces

41 IBS patients

26 Healthy individuals

FISH

qPCR

Kerckhoffs et al. (2009)#

Faeces

10 (+2) IBS (only IBS-D)

23 Healthy individuals

G+C based profiling

Clone library sequencing (16S)

qPCR

Krogius–Kurikka et al. (2009)*

Faeces (3 time points)

20 IBS patients

15 Healthy individuals

qPCR

Lyra et al. (2009)*

Colonic biopsies

Faeces

10 IBS patients (only IBS-D)

10 Healthy individuals

Conventional culturing

qPCR

Carroll et al. (2010)

Colonic biopsies

Faeces

47 IBS patients

33 Healthy individuals

DGGE

Codling et al. (2010)

Duodenal biopsies

Faeces

37 IBS patients

20 Healthy individuals

DGGE

Clone library sequencing (16S)

qPCR

Kerckhoffs et al. (2010)#

Faeces

44 IBS patients

qPCR

Malinen et al. (2010)*

Faeces

26 IBS patients

26 Healthy individuals

Conventional culturing

qPCR

HPLC

Tana et al. (2010)

  1. All studies have applied Rome II or III criteria to recruit their subjects and categorise them in IBS subtypes. Studies that have used subjects from the same cohort are indicated by * and #
  2. DGGE denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, FISH fluorescence in situ hybridisation, HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography, qPCR quantitative polymerase chain reaction, TRAC transcript analysis with the aid of affinity capture