From: Intestinal microbiota in human health and disease: the impact of probiotics
Population | Study groups (based on treatment) | Study material | Analytical methods | Key findings | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Animals | |||||
Healthy rats (n = 30) | Probiotic: B. lactis Bl and S. thermophilus Prebiotic: FOS Placebo: only carrier material | Caecum (tissue and contents) | Conventional culturing DGGE | Both prebiotic and probiotic group:  ↓ Clostridia  ↓ Bacteroides  ↓ total anaerobes Prebiotic-treated group:  ↓ coliforms  ↑ Bifidobacterium Probiotic-treated group:  ↑ diversity  ↑ coliforms | Montesi et al. (2005) |
Healthy mice (n = 16) | Probiotic: L. casei Probiotic: L. plantarum Probiotic: mixture of L. casei and L. plantarum Control: no treatment | Faeces Intestinal tissue | DGGE T-RFLP Clone-library sequencing | Mixture-treated group:  No significant effect on dominant microbiota composition  Shifts in the diversity of Lactobacillus species | Fuentes et al. (2008) |
Healthy fish (red tilapia) (n = 12) | Probiotic: diet containing Pediococcus acidilactici Placebo: normal diet | Intestinal contents | Conventional culturing DGGE | Probiotic-treated group:  ↓ Species richness and diversity  Transiently colonization by P. acidilactici | Ferguson et al. (2010) |
Humans | |||||
Healthy adults (n = 10) | Probiotic: milk powder containing L. rhamnosus DR20 | Faeces | Conventional culturing FISH DGGE | Probiotic-treated group:  No significant effect on dominant microbiota composition | Tannock et al. (2000) |
Healthy adults (n = 30) | Probiotic: B. animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12 Prebiotic: GOS Synbiotic: GOS and B. animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12 | Faeces | DGGE | All groups:  No qualitative changes in faecal Bifidobacterium communities Probiotic/synbiotic-treated groups:  Transiently colonization by B. animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12 | Satokari et al. (2001) |
Healthy children (n = 26) | Probiotic: Yoghurt containing L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, S. thermophilus and L. paracasei A Placebo: pasteurised yoghurt | Faeces | Conventional culturing RAPD-PCR DGGE | Probiotic-treated group:  No significant effect on dominant microbiota composition  GI survival and transiently colonization by L. paracasei A | Marzotto et al. (2006) |
Preterm infants (n = 69) | Probiotic: B. animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12 Placebo: only carrier material | Faeces | Conventional culturing FISH | Probiotic-treated group:  ↑ Bifidobacterium | Mohan et al. (2006) |
Healthy adults (n = 12) | Probiotic: yoghurt containing L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, S. thermophilus and B. animalis DN-173 010 Probiotic: B. animalis DN-173 010 (lyophilised) | Faeces | Conventional culturing Colony immunoblotting DGGE FISH | Both probiotic-treated groups:  No significant effect on dominant microbiota composition  GI survival and transiently colonization by B. animalis | Rochet et al. (2008) |
Healthy adults (n = 30) | Prebiotic: lactulose Probiotic: S. boulardii Synbiotic: lactulose and S. boulardii Placebo: maltodextrin | Faeces | DGGE Group-specific qPCR | Prebiotic-treated group:  ↑ B. adolescentis  ↑ Bifidobacterium Probiotic/synbiotic-treated group:  No changes | Vanhoutte et al. (2006) |
Healthy elderly (n = 55) | Probiotic: fermented oat drink containing B. longum 46 and B. longum 2C Probiotic: fermented oat drink containing B. animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12 Placebo: only fermented oat drink | Faeces | Species-specific qPCR | Probiotic-treated group (B. longum):  ↑ B. adolescentis  ↑ B. catenulatum Probiotic-treated group (B. animalis):  ↑ B. animalis | Ouwehand et al. (2008) |
Healthy adults (n = 14) | Probiotic: encapsulated L. rhamnosus R11 and L. acidophilus R52 | Faeces | Conventional culturing qPCR | No significant effect on dominant microbiota composition GI survival and transiently colonization by L. rhamnosus | Firmesse et al. (2008) |
Healthy adults (n = 79) | Probiotic: yoghurt containing L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus Placebo: pasteurised yoghurt Control: no yoghurt | Faeces | DGGE qPCR | Probiotic-treated group:  ↑ lactic acid bacteria  ↑ C. perfringens Yoghurt-receiving groups:  ↓ Bacteroides group | GarcÃa-Albiach et al. (2008) |
Healthy adults on antibiotic treatment (n = 40) | Probiotic: B. animalis subsp. lactis Bl-04, B. animalis subsp. lactis Bi-07, L. acidophilus NCFM, L. paracasei Lpc-37, B. bifidum Bb-02 and maltodextran Placebo: only maltodextran | Faeces | Conventional culturing T-RFLP | Probiotic-treated group:  A more rapid return to pre-antibiotic microbiota composition  ↑ Enterobacteriaceae  ↑ Bifidobacterium | Engelbrektson et al. (2009) |
Healthy elderly (n = 66) | Probiotic: fermented oat drink containing B. longum 46 and B. longum 2C Placebo: non-fermented oat drink | Faeces | Conventional culturing Species-specific qPCR | Probiotic-treated group: Significant change in Bifidobacterium communities (↑ B. catenulatum, B. bifidum and B. breve) | Lahtinen et al. (2009) |