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Table 3 Biochemical parameters of 10- and 16-week-old rats (group means with their standard errors, n = 8 and n = 6 for 10- and 16-week-old animals, respectively)

From: Protein and folic acid content in the maternal diet determine lipid metabolism and response to high-fat feeding in rat progeny in an age-dependent manner

Parameter

Age (weeks)

Rat groups

Significance

NP-NF AIN

NP-NF HF

PR-NF AIN

PR-NF HF

PR-FS AIN

PR-FS HF

NP-FS AIN

NP-FS HF

FA

F

FA × S

Glucose (mmol/l)

10

8.04 ± 0.43

7.47 ± 0.26

7.30 ± 0.17

7.23 ± 0.11

6.48 ± 0.43

6.13 ± 0.46

6.89 ± 0.39

7.46 ± 0.55

**

  

16

6.91 ± 0.38

7.31 ± 0.43

6.44 ± 0.23

6.25 ± 0.22

6.20 ± 0.30

6.91 ± 0.45

7.10 ± 0.35

6.77 ± 0.25

   

Cholesterol (mmol/l)

10

1.99 ± 0.08

1.69 ± 0.10

2.08 ± 0.17

1.73 ± 0.13

1.74 ± 0.08

1.55 ± 0.09

1.60 ± 0.07

1.54 ± 0.09

***

**

 

16

1.81 ± 0.10

1.90 ± 0.17

2.24 ± 0.09

1.76 ± 1.17

1.59 ± 0.14

1.25 ± 0.12

1.85 ± 0.10

1.38 ± 1.14

***

**

 

HDL (mmol/l)

10

1.66 ± 0.06

1.44 ± 0.09

1.67 ± 0.12

1.53 ± 0.14

1.39 ± 0.07

1.31 ± 0.07

1.34 ± 0.06

1.30 ± 0.07

***

  

16

1.43 ± 0.07

1.61 ± 0.11

1.96 ± 0.09

1.62 ± 0.17

1.46 ± 0.14

1.13 ± 0.09

1.58 ± 0.11

1.29 ± 0.15

**

  

LDL (mmol/l)

10

0.176 ± 0.034

0.136 ± 0.024

0.222 ± 0.050

0.091 ± 0.015

0.151 ± 0.024

0.098 ± 0.008

0.146 ± 0.023

0.146 ± 0.009

 

**

 

TAG (mmol/l)

10

0.455 ± 0.070

0.282 ± 0.023

0.410 ± 0.034

0.360 ± 0.050

0.484 ± 0.087

0.425 ± 0.039

0.360 ± 0.044

0.444 ± 0.102

   

16

0.422 ± 0.034

0.405 ± 0.051

0.469 ± 0.072

0.507 ± 0.113

0.375 ± 0.088

0.280 ± 0.044

0.292 ± 0.033

0.294 ± 0.030

**

 

**

Insulin (ng/ml)

10

0.914 ± 0.195

1.097 ± 0.212

0.958 ± 0.221

1.020 ± 0.369

0.777 ± 0.145

0.077 ± 0.278

0.869 ± 0.147

1.384 ± 0.205

   
  1. Data were analyzed with multi-way ANOVA, and the P values are only shown for statistically significant univariate or interaction effects
  2. P maternal dietary protein, FA maternal dietary folic acid, F dietary fat, S offspring sex
  3. ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001