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Table 5 Relative affinity of anthocyanins and phenolic acids for ERα and ERβ

From: Potential anti-inflammatory, anti-adhesive, anti/estrogenic, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activities of anthocyanins and their gut metabolites

Compound

ERα IC50 (μM)*

ERβ IC50 (μM)*

Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside

NA

63.2 ± 0.8

Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside

61.3 ± 0.7

93.0 ± 0.8

Peonidin-3-O-glucoside

64.4 ± 0.9

NA

Malvidin-3-O-glucoside

NA

NA

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside

NA

NA

Gallic acid

NA

100.3 ± 0.9

Protocatechuic acid

NA

NA

Syringic acid

NA

NA

Vanillic acid

NA

NA

  1. * IC50 is defined as the concentration required to achieve 50% inhibition in the binding of [3H]-estradiol to the corresponding estrogen receptor (ER). NA not achieve binding at the assayed concentration. IC50 values are shown as mean ± SD