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Table 1 Transgenic crops enhanced for mineral and vitamin content

From: The contribution of transgenic plants to better health through improved nutrition: opportunities and constraints

Nutrient

Species

Genes used

Total increase (fold increase over wild type)

References

Vitamin A

Maize (Zea mays)

PacrtB and PacrtI

33.6 μg/g DW (34)

Aluru et al. (2008)

 

Maize (Z. mays)

Zmpsy1, PacrtI, PcrtW, Gllycb

146.7 μg/g DW (133)

Zhu et al. (2008)

 

Maize (Z. mays)

Zmpsy1, PacrtI

163.2 μg/g DW (112)

Naqvi et al. (2009b)

 

Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Zmpsy1, PacrtI

4.96 μg/g DW (10.8)

Cong et al. (2009)

 

Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

EuCrtB, EuCrtI, EuCrtY

114 μg/g DW (20)

Diretto et al. (2007)

 

Potato (S. tuberosum)

BoOr

28.22 μg/g DW (6)

Lopez et al. (2008)

 

Potato (S. tuberosum)

AtZEP

60.8 μg/g DW (5.7)

Romer et al. (2002)

 

Potato (S. tuberosum)

PacrtB

35.5 μg/g DW (6.3)

Ducreux et al. (2005)

 

Cassava (Manihot esculenta)

PacrtB

21.84 μg/g DW (33.6)

Welsch et al. (2010)

 

Rice (Oryza sativa)

Nppsy1, EucrtI

1.6 μg/g

Ye et al. (2000)

 

Rice (O. sativa)

Zmppsy1, EucrtI

37 μg/g (23)

Paine et al. (2005)

Vitamin C

Corn (Z. mays)

Osdhar

110 μg/g DW (6)

Naqvi et al. (2009b)

 

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

Acggp

46–111 mg/100 g FW (3–6)

Bulley et al. (2011)

 

Potato (S. tuberosum)

StVTC2A

1.65 mg/g FW (3)

Bulley et al. (2011)

Folic acid

Rice (O. sativa)

Atgtpchi, Atadcs

38.3 nmol/g (100)

Storozhenko et al. (2007)

 

Tomato (S. lycopersicum)

Atgch, Atadcs1

25 nmol/g (25)

Storozhenko et al. (2007)

Iron (Fe)

Rice (O. sativa)

Osnas2

19 μg/g DW in polished seeds (4.2)

Johnson et al. (2011)

 

Rice (O. sativa)

Gm ferritin, Af phytase, Osnas1

7 μg/g DW in polished seeds (4–6.3)

Wirth et al. (2009)

 

Rice (O. sativa)

Activation tagging of Osnas3

32 in μg/g DW in dehusked (2.9)

Lee et al. (2009)

 

Corn (Z. mays)

Gm ferritin and Af phytase

30 μg/g DW in whole seed (2)

Drakakaki et al. (2005)

 

Cassava (M. esculenta)

Crfea1

40 μg/g DW in tuber

Sayre et al. (2011)

Zinc (Zn)

Rice (O. sativa)

Activation tagging of Osnas2

40–45 μg/g DW in polished seeds (2.9)

Lee et al. (2011)

 

Rice (O. sativa)

Osnas2

52–76 μg/g DW in polished seeds (2.2)

Johnson et al. (2011)

 

Rice (O. sativa)

Gm ferritin, Af phytase, Osnas1

35 μg/g DW in polished seeds (1.6)

Wirth et al. (2009)

 

Cassava (M. esculenta)

Atzat1

Tuber (4)

Sayre et al. (2011)

 

Cassava (M. esculenta)

Atzip

Tuber (2–10)

Sayre et al. (2011)

Selenium (Se)

Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea)

Ataps1

(2–3)

Pilion-Smits et al. (1999)

 

Indian mustard (B. juncea)

Absmt1

(2–4)

LeDuc et al. (2004)

Calcium (Ca)

Carrot (Daucus carota)

scax1

3.9 mg/g DW (1.6)

Park et al. (2004)

 

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

scax1

18.9 mg/g DW (1.3)

Park et al. (2009)

 

Potato (S. tuberosum)

scax1

1.7 mg/g DW (in tuber) (3)

Park et al. (2005)

  

cax2b chimeric

2.5 mg/g DW (3)

Kim et al. (2006)