Table 1 Covariates by case and control status and odds ratios (OR) for gastric cancer risk, EPIC-Eurgast study
Cases | Controls | ORa (95 % CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 365 | % | n = 1,284 | % | ||
Age at recruitment | |||||
Mean (SD) | 58.4 (7.9) | 58.4 (7.7) | – | ||
Country | – | ||||
France | 2 | 0.5 | 3 | 0.2 | – |
Italy | 56 | 15.3 | 206 | 16 | – |
Spain | 41 | 11.2 | 134 | 10.4 | – |
UK | 41 | 11.2 | 135 | 10.5 | – |
The Netherlands | 26 | 7.1 | 99 | 7.7 | – |
Greece | 24 | 6.6 | 88 | 6.9 | – |
Germany | 48 | 13.2 | 186 | 14.5 | – |
Sweden | 64 | 17.5 | 220 | 17.1 | – |
Denmark | 61 | 16.7 | 205 | 16 | – |
Norway | 2 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.6 | – |
Sex | |||||
Men | 214 | 58.6 | 759 | 59.1 | – |
Women | 151 | 41.4 | 525 | 40.9 | – |
Smoking status | |||||
Never | 128 | 35.1 | 542 | 42.2 | 1.00 (Referent) |
Former | 115 | 31.5 | 427 | 33.3 | 1.19 (0.88–1.61) |
Current | 118 | 32.3 | 292 | 22.7 | 1.84 (1.36–2.50) |
Unknown | 4 | 1.1 | 23 | 1.8 | |
H. pylori infection at baseline | |||||
Negative | 68 | 18.8 | 492 | 38.7 | 1.00 (Referent) |
Positiveb | 294 | 81.2 | 779 | 61.3 | 3.19 (2.35–4.33) |
Plasma vitamin Cc (μmol/L, tertiles) | |||||
<31 | 63 | 36.63 | 95 | 30.55 | 1.00 (Referent) |
31–44.9 | 55 | 31.98 | 107 | 34.41 | 0.74 (0.46–1.18) |
≥45 | 54 | 31.4 | 109 | 35.05 | 0.70 (0.43–1.13) |
Vitamin C intake from food sources (mg/d, tertiles) | |||||
<86.76 | 148 | 40.55 | 435 | 33.88 | 1.00 (Referent) |
86.76–135.82 | 112 | 30.68 | 425 | 33.1 | 0.75 (0.57–1.00) |
≥135.83 | 105 | 28.77 | 424 | 33.02 | 0.69 (0.51–0.93) |
Processed meat intake (g/d, tertiles) | |||||
<16.89 | 111 | 30.41 | 435 | 33.88 | 1.00 (Referent) |
16.89–39.57 | 108 | 29.59 | 424 | 33.02 | 1.05 (0.76–1.45) |
≥39.58 | 146 | 40 | 425 | 33.1 | 1.58 (1.12–2.23) |