Fig. 1
From: The PNPLA3 Ile148Met interacts with overweight and dietary intakes on fasting triglyceride levels
Association between the PNPLA3 rs738409 (Ile148Met) and fasting blood triglyceride levels in strata of dietary intake categories (tertiles of CHO, sucrose and ω-6:ω-3 PUFA ratio) among individuals with normal weight (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2) and overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m2) in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study-Cardiovascular Cohort. Associations were calculated using general linear model and additive model for the PNPLA3 genotypes adjusting for age and sex. Interactions between genotype and dietary intakes on serum triglyceride levels were analyzed by introducing a multiplicative factor of genotype and diet tertiles (treated as continuous variables) in addition to genotype and diet to the models. Adjustments were made for age and total energy intake (as continuous variables) and sex, diet assessment method version, season, leisure time physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake and education (as categorical variables). Among normal-weight individuals, the G-allele associated with higher triglyceride levels only among those in the highest sucrose intake tertile (P = 0.001) but not at the lower intakes. In contrast to results in normal-weight individuals, the G-allele associated with lower triglyceride levels among overweight individuals in the lowest intake tertiles of CHO, sucrose and ω-6:ω-3 PUFA ratio (p = 0.04, p = 0.06, p = 0.001). The interaction between rs738409 and intakes of sucrose on triglyceride levels among normal-weight individuals was nominally significant (P interaction= 0.03)