Fig. 1

Relative mRNA expression in skeletal muscle. The relative mRNA expressions of the genes Atf3, Socs3, Fos, Hspa1a, Hspa1b, Scd1, Ppp2r3a, Sncg, Rrad, and Spp1 were measured by RT-PCR. Results are expressed as mean ± SE (ND, HF: n = 4; HFCC, HFDC, HFGC: n = 5) of the fold changes normalized to β-actin mRNA expression. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 versus the HF group by Dunnett’s test. Corresponding to the types of coffee, CC significantly suppressed the expression of Fos, Atf3, Hspa1a, Hspa1b, Scd1, Sncg, and Spp1 and strongly decreased the expression of Rrad. Fos was significantly decreased in HFDC. HFGC significantly suppressed the expression of Fos, Atf3, Ppp2r3a, and Rrad