Fig. 2

Protein levels of Atf3 and Socs3 in mouse skeletal muscle. We measured the protein levels of a Atf3 and b Socs3 in skeletal muscle using an ELISA kit. The results were normalized to the protein concentration in each sample, and the data are presented as mean ± SE (ND, HF: n = 4; HFCC, HFDC, HFGC: n = 5) of the fold changes normalized to the protein concentration of each sample to that of the ND group. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 versus the HF group by Dunnett’s test. Atf3 protein levels were significantly increased by the HF diet but significantly attenuated by the DC and GC supplementation, whereas the CC showed a strong tendency to reduce this increase. Protein level of Socs3, a downstream protein of Atf3, was significantly increased in the HF group, whereas a significant decrease was observed in the HFCC group, and GC strongly suppressed this increase