Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the study participants

Age (years)

30.82 ± 8.66

–

–

Sex (men/women)

96/112

–

–

BMI (kg/m²)

27.84 ± 3.73

27.81 ± 3.74

27.90 ± 3.85

Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

4.95 ± 0.52

4.95 ± 0.46

5.05 ± 0.49

Fasting insulin (pmol/L)

82.51 ± 35.61 (n = 206)

87.15 ± 75.70

83.63 ± 40.81 (n = 207)

Total-C (mmol/L)

4.82 ± 1.01

4.75 ± 0.90

4.72 ± 0.94

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.79 ± 0.87 (n = 207)

2.76 ± 0.81

2.78 ± 0.85

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.46 ± 0.39

1.44 ± 0.36

1.47 ± 0.40

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.23 ± 0.64

1.21 ± 0.63

1.02 ± 0.52

Dietary intakes

Energy (kcal)

–

2,273 ± 590 (n = 207)

2,186 ± 566

Fat intake (%)

–

32.59 ± 6.04 (n = 207)

35.30 ± 6.27

CHO (%)

–

50.51 ± 7.16 (n = 207)

48.61 ± 7.75

Protein intake (%)

–

17.36 ± 3.32 (n = 206)

16.95 ± 3.17