Table 2 Metabolic markers before and after the intervention in the two groups receiving either fish oil or sunflower oil from 9 to 18 months of age

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

53/56

111 ± 13

113 ± 12

2 ± 16

112 ± 9

115 ± 11

4 ± 14

0.282

0.296^a

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

52/56

66 ± 9

66 ± 9

0.2 ± 11

64 ± 8

66 ± 10

2 ± 13

0.782

NS^b

Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)

47/54

84 ± 9

85 ± 12

0.7 ± 14

83 ± 8

86 ± 12

3 ± 14

0.387

0.020 ^c

Heart rate (bpm)

53/56

98 ± 23

106 ± 20

8 ± 29

103 ± 20

99 ± 19

−4 ± 28

0.073

0.058 ^d

Plasma triacylglycerol (mmol/L)

56/59

1.24 (0.85;1.89)^a

1.08 (0.78;1.39)^b

−0.13 (−0.55;0.22)

1.41 (0.91;2.10)

1.42 (0.94;1.76)

0.09 (−0.69;0.42)

0.014

0.017 ^e

Plasma total cholesterol (mmol/L)

56/59

4.06 ± 0.83

4.04 ± 0.83

−0.02 ± 0.87

4.07 ± 0.91

4.00 ± 0.73

−0.07 ± 0.88

0.725

0.879^f

Plasma LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

56/59

2.33 ± 0.66

2.34 ± 0.66

0.02 ± 0.64

2.36 ± 0.78

2.44 ± 0.66

0.07 ± 0.68

0.469

0.369^g

Plasma HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

56/59

1.10 ± 0.26^a

1.00 ± 0.25^b

−0.11 ± 0.29

1.06 ± 0.25^a

0.96 ± 0.19^b

−0.09 ± 0.24

0.652

NS^b

Plasma insulin (pmol/L)

56/56

31 (15;65)

31 (14;56)

−1.1 ± 60.6

39 (22;62)

29.3 (16;55)

−5.5 ± 54.6

0.730

0.770^e

Plasma glucose (mmol/L)

56/60

5.14 ± 0.71

5.09 ± 0.64

−0.05 ± 0.93

5.24 ± 0.56

5.28 ± 0.69

0.04 ± 0.79

0.159

NS^b

HOMA

55/56

1.15 (0.51;2.46)

1.17 (0.44;1.96)

−0.10 ± 2.45

1.49 (0.79;2.48)

1.10 (0.65; 2.03)

−0.17 ± 2.49

0.611

0.570^h