Table 2 Characteristics of the subjects (n = 181)
| Â | Middle-aged | Elderly | p * |
|---|---|---|---|
n | 84 | 97 | Â |
Age (year) | 53.4 ± 11.4 | 70.0 ± 3.9 | <0.001 |
Height (cm) | 171.1 ± 5.8 | 168.5 ± 7.1 | 0.007 |
Body weight (kg) | 70.2 ± 9.5 | 66.7 ± 9.0 | 0.012 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.9 ± 2.7 | 23.4 ± 2.3 | 0.172 |
Body fat (%) | 20.0 ± 4.8 | 21.0 ± 4.3 | 0.145 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 84.0 ± 8.2 | 85.1 ± 6.7 | 0.325 |
Total abdominal fat (cm2) | 223.2 ± 93.0 | 230.0 ± 73.6 | 0.592 |
Visceral fat (cm2) | 106.0 ± 49.4 | 116.9 ± 47.6 | 0.131 |
Subcutaneous fat (cm2) | 117.2 ± 54.6 | 113.1 ± 39.5 | 0.561 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 57.0 (50.0–68.0) | 61.0 (51.3–68.0) | 0.376 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 121.5 ± 30 | 122.7 ± 28.3 | 0.784 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 95.0 (67.0–127.0) | 83.5 (65.0–116.0) | 0.253 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 95.0 (88.0–101.0) | 98.0 (93.0–105.0) | 0.002 |
HbA1c (%) | 4.9 (4.8–5.0) | 4.9 (5.0–5.2) | 0.006 |
Total energy expenditure (kcal/day)†| 2342 ± 244 | 2121 ± 263 | <0.001 |
MPA (min/day)†| 40.0 (27.0–55.0) | 41.0 (21.5–55.0) | 0.786 |
VPA (min/day)†| 6.0 (1.0–13.0) | 2.0 (0.0–11.0) | 0.081 |
MVPA (min/day)†| 51.0 (34.0–68.0) | 50.5 (27.8–68.3) | 0.778 |
Total energy intake (kcal/day) | 2150 ± 653 | 2213 ± 627 | 0.509 |
Carbohydrate intake (% energy) | 51.0 ± 7.7 | 50.9 ± 8.4 | 0.870 |
Fat intake (% energy) | 25.6 ± 5.1 | 24.6 ± 5.6 | 0.204 |
Protein intake (% energy) | 15.1 ± 2.7 | 15.0 ± 2.6 | 0.956 |
Alcohol intake (% energy) | 5.7 (2.3–13.7) | 7.8 (2.4–13.4) | 0.583 |
Current/former smoking status (%) | 42.9 | 51.5 | 0.243 |
Type 2 diabetes (%) | 2.4 | 9.3 | 0.053 |