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Table 4 Colorectal adenoma risk associated with dietary PhIP and DiMeIQx intake, and meat mutagenicity exposure stratified by genetic factors

From: Meat-derived carcinogens, genetic susceptibility and colorectal adenoma risk

Gene

rs

Genotype category

PhIP intake > 232.61a

DiMeIQx intake > 4.12a

Meat mutagenicity > 7,179.67a

Adjusted OR (95 % CI)b

Adjusted OR (95 % CI)b

Adjusted OR (95 % CI)b

CYP1A2

762551

AC/CC

1.50 (0.70–3.23)

1.79 (0.84–3.83)

1.59 (0.75–3.39)

AA

0.58 (0.27–1.25)

1.08 (0.51–2.27)

0.84 (0.39–1.79)

CYP1B1

10012; 1056827

CC + GG

0.42 (0.18–0.96) c

0.93 (0.42–2.07)

0.51 (0.22–1.16) c

CG/GG + GT/TT

1.91 (0.85–4.26) c

1.77 (0.80–3.89)

2.68 (1.18–6.09) c

NAT2

1041983

TT

1.11 (0.53–2.34)

1.36 (0.65–2.85)

1.27 (0.61–2.67)

CC/CT

0.77 (0.37–1.64)

1.41 (0.66–2.98)

1.04 (0.50–2.18)

XPA

1800975

CT/TT

0.92 (0.46–1.83)

0.95 (0.47–1.90)

1.18 (0.59–2.34)

CC

0.98 (0.45–2.15)

2.02 (0.94–4.36)

1.09 (0.50–2.39)

XPD

13181;1799793

AA + GG

0.42 (0.19–0.94) c

0.77 (0.35–1.69) c

0.75 (0.35–1.63)

CC/CA + AA/GA

1.84 (0.88–3.84) c

2.28 (1.01–4.74) c

1.68 (0.82–3.48)

XRCC1

25487

GG

0.80 (0.36–1.78)

1.83 (0.83–4.05)

1.48 (0.67–3.26)

AA/AG

1.07 (0.51–2.24)

1.06 (0.52–2.19)

0.97 (0.47–2.01)

ADPRT

1136410

TT

0.92 (0.48–1.77)

1.75 (0.91–3.36)

1.02 (0.53–1.96)

CC/CT

0.97 (0.39–2.40)

0.89 (0.36–2.22)

1.45 (0.59–3.63)

XPC

2228001

AA

0.90 (0.37–2.22)

1.20 (0.48–2.97)

1.08 (0.43–2.70)

CC/CA

1.04 (0.53–2.02)

1.58 (0.82–3.05)

1.28 (0.67–2.48)

XRCC3

861539

CC

1.50 (0.62–3.60)

1.25 (0.53–2.96)

2.31 (0.96–5.57)

TT/TC

0.77 (0.39–1.55)

1.40 (0.71–2.76)

0.85 (0.43–1.69)

  1. Bolded text indicate statistically significant relationships
  2. aReferent categories: PhIP intake ≤232.61 ng/day; DiMeIQx intake ≤4.12 ng/day; meat mutagenicity intake ≤7,179.67 number of revertant colonies/day
  3. bAdjusted for sex, smoking status, fruit and vegetable intake, dietary fiber intake and biomarker levels of albumin and folate
  4. c p-Interaction ≤ 0.05