Diet Imbalance | Tissues | Increased metabolites | Decreased metabolites |
---|---|---|---|
High-fat diet versus Chow (Kim et al. 2011) | Serum | Serotonin Phosphatidylcholine (PC) Pipecolic acid l-Carnitine Stearoylcarnitine Uric acid LysoPC (17:0), (18:0), (18:3) Valine, arginine, tyrosine, benzoic acid Pantothenic acid Phenylacetamide | Myristoylcarnitine Decanoylcarnitine Hexadecenoylcarnitine Vaccenylcarnitine Linoleylcarnitine LysoPE (18:2), (20:4) LysoPC (14:0), (15:0), (16:0), (16:1), (17:1), (18:1), (18:2), (19:0), (20:1), (20:4), (20:5) |
Liver | 7-Ketodeoxycholic acid LysoPC (20:4) Monosaccharide Fatty acid Maltose-8TMS | L-Carnitine 3-Metyl-glutarylcarnitine LysoPC (16:1) trans-Palmitoleic acid-1TMS Tyrosine Glycerol-3TMS Glucose-5TMS NAD+/NADH | |
High-fructose diet versus Chow (Lin et al. 2011) | Blood plasma | Proline, methionine, proline, tryptophan, glutamine, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, leucine/isoleucine LysoPE (20:4), (18:1) LysoPC (20:4), (14:0), (20:5), (16:1) | α-/g-Linolenic acid (18:3) Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5) Glycocholic acid |
Liver | LysoPC (22:5), (20:4), (18:1), (16:1), (20:4) Cytosine Oleic acid (18:1) Palmitoleic acid (16:1) | PC(18:4/20:2), (18:1/22:5), (20:2/16:0), (18:2/16:0) PE (22:6/16:0) Ergothioneine Malic acid Eicosapentaenoic acid (20: 5) | |
Muscle | LysoPC (22:4) LysoPE (16:0) Adrenic acid (22:4) Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5) | PC(18:4/20:2), (18:1/22:5), (22:6/20:4), (22:5/16:1), (18:4/18:1), (20:0/15:0), (22:5/P-16:0), (24:1/15:0) Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5) | |
High- versus low-protein diet (Rasmussen et al. 2012) | Diabetes Urine | Creatine Taurine TMAO | Citric acid |
Vitamin B6 deficiency versus Chow (da Silva et al. 2013) | Blood plasma | Serine Cystathionine | Dimethylglycine Creatine Creatinine |
Vitamin D deficiency versus Chow (Finkelstein et al. 2014) | Blood plasma | Pyridoxate Bilirubin Xylose cholate | Leukotrienes 1,2-propanediol Azelate Undecanedioate Sebacate Piperine |