Fig. 5

Bone mineral density (BMD) and lean mass of the femur and knee with intra-articular injection of monoiodoacetate (MIA) at days 0 and 21 after MIA injection. Ovariectomized (OVX) rats were provided with a 45 % fat diet containing (1) 0.4 % curcumin, (2) 0.4 % tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), (3) 30 μg/kg body weight 17β-estradiol + 0.4 % dextrin (positive control), (4) 0.4 % dextrin (control), or (5) 0.4 % dextrin (normal control for osteoarthritis). At the beginning of the fifth week, an articular injection of monoiodoacetate into the right knee was performed on all OVX groups except the normal-control group and the assigned diets were provided for an additional 3 weeks. Rats in the normal-control group had an articular injection of saline in the right knee. BMD (a) and lean body mass (b) of the hip and right leg and fat mass of the abdomen and right leg (c) were measured by DEXA. Each bar and error bar represents the mean ± SD (n = 10). (a, b, c) The bars with different letters were significantly different among groups by Tukey test at P < 0.05