Effects of a healthy Nordic diet on gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to an oral glucose tolerance test in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a SYSDIET sub-study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants

	Number	CD	Number	ND	P
Sex (female)	40	25 (63 %)	49	34 (69 %)	0.51
Age (year)	40	55.8 ± 7.8	49	54.4 ± 8.3	0.43
BMI (kg m⁻²)	40	31.9 ± 2.7	49	31.8 ± 3.1	0.90
Total cholesterol (mM)	40	5.3 ± 1.0	49	5.3 ± 1.0	0.91
LDL cholesterol (mM)	40	3.3 ± 0.9	49	3.2 ± 0.9	0.93
HDL cholesterol (mM)	40	1.3 ± 0.5	49	1.4 ± 0.3	0.51
Fasting triglycerides (mM)	40	1.5 ± 0.5	49	1.5 ± 0.7	0.84
Fasting glucose (mM)	40	5.8 ± 0.6	49	5.8 ± 0.6	0.46
Fasting insulin (pM)	40	59.5 (47.0–82.3)	49	55.0 (41.0–75.5)	0.43
IL1Ra (ng L⁻¹)	40	308.7 (233.4–465.6)	49	203.8 (220.0–502.0)	0.96
IL1β (ng L⁻¹)	39	0.12 (0.12–0.21)	49	0.12 (0.12–0.14)	0.44
IL6 (ng L⁻¹)	40	1.3 (1.1–1.8)	49	1.3 (1.0–1.9)	0.76
IL10 (ng L⁻¹)	39	0.9 (0.8–1.5)	49	0.8 (0.8–1.5)	0.32
sTNFRII (ng L⁻¹)	40	1899.6 ± 415.4	49	1954.5 ± 461.1	0.56
hs-CRP (mg L⁻¹)	40	1.5 (0.9–3.7)	49	1.5 (0.8–2.9)	0.68
HMW adiponectin (μg L⁻¹)	40	3.6 (2.2–6.7)	49	4.0 (2.8–6.5)	0.36
Lipid-lowering drugs	40	13 (33 %)	49	12 (25 %)	0.48
Antihypertensive drugs	40	20 (50 %)	49	31 (63 %)	0.28
Smoking	40	6 (15 %)	49	4 (8 %)	0.34
Metabolic syndrome	40	34 (85 %)	49	42 (86 %)	1.00

Values are expressed as means ± SDs, medians (25th–75th percentiles), or numbers (%)
CD control diet, ND healthy Nordic diet, BMI body mass index, LDL low density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein, IL1Ra interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, IL1β interleukin-1 beta, IL6 interleukin 6, IL10 interleukin 10, sTNFRII tumor necrosis factor receptor 2, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, HMW adiponectin human high molecular weight adiponectin

ISSN: 1865-3499