Effects of a healthy Nordic diet on gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to an oral glucose tolerance test in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a SYSDIET sub-study

Leder, Lena; Kolehmainen, Marjukka; Narverud, Ingunn; Dahlman, Ingrid; Myhrstad, Mari C. W.; de Mello, Vanessa D.; Paananen, Jussi; Carlberg, Carsten; Schwab, Ursula; Herzig, Karl-Heinz; Cloetens, Lieselotte; Storm, Matilda Ulmius; Hukkanen, Janne; Savolainen, Markku J.; Rosqvist, Fredrik; Hermansen, Kjeld; Dragsted, Lars O.; Gunnarsdottir, Ingibjörg; Thorsdottir, Inga; Risérus, Ulf; Åkesson, Björn; Thoresen, Magne; Arner, Peter; Poutanen, Kaisa S.; Uusitupa, Matti; Holven, Kirsten B.; Ulven, Stine M.

doi:10.1186/s12263-016-0521-4

Table 3 Effect of the healthy ND compared to the CD on gene expression changes after 2hOGTT

From: Effects of a healthy Nordic diet on gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to an oral glucose tolerance test in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a SYSDIET sub-study

	Number	Group effect (regression coefficient β)	95 % CI for β	q values
Inflammatory genes
CCL2
Unadjusted	78	0.12	−0.19–0.43	0.64
Adjusted	78	0.12	−0.20–0.42	0.69
CCL5
Unadjusted	85	−0.002	−0.14–0.14	0.98
Adjusted	85	−0.002	−0.14–0.14	0.98
CCR2
Unadjusted	76	−0.06	−0.27–0.15	0.72
Adjusted	76	−0.07	−0.28–0.14	0.69
CCR4
Unadjusted	77	−0.07	−0.23–0.10	0.64
Adjusted	77	−0.06	−0.22–0.11	0.69
CD40
Unadjusted	87	−0.14	−0.37–0.10	0.46
Adjusted	87	−0.03	−0.25–0.19	0.88
CD40LG
Unadjusted	87	−0.09	−0.22–0.04	0.42
Adjusted	87	−0.08	−0.21–0.06	0.47
CXCR2
Unadjusted	86	−0.27	−0.47–(−0.07)	0.05
Adjusted	86	−0.25	−0.45–(−0.05)	0.09
ICAM1
Unadjusted	84	−0.02	−0.22–0.19	0.89
Adjusted	84	0.02	−0.19–0.22	0.93
IFNG
Unadjusted	86	−0.29	−0.53–(−0.05)	0.09
Adjusted	86	−0.27	−0.51–(−0.02)	0.13
IKBKB
Unadjusted	83	−0.24	−0.41–(−0.06)	0.05
Adjusted	83	−0.24	−0.42–(−0.06)	0.08
IL18
Unadjusted	72	−0.60	−1.01–(−0.18)	0.05
Adjusted	72	−0.73	−1.20–(−0.26)	0.042
IL1B
Unadjusted	85	−0.17	−0.43–0.10	0.42
Adjusted	85	−0.16	−0.41–0.09	0.45
IL1RN
Unadjusted	87	−0.10	−0.26–0.06	0.42
Adjusted	87	−0.10	−0.26–0.06	0.47
IL23A
Unadjusted	87	0.15	0.00–0.31	0.17
Adjusted	87	0.14	−0.01–0.30	0.20
IL23R
Unadjusted	88	−0.06	−0.36–0.24	0.78
Adjusted	88	−0.05	−0.34–0.25	0.88
IL6
Unadjusted	86	−0.18	−0.45–0.09	0.42
Adjusted	86	−0.19	−0.46–0.09	0.43
IL8
Unadjusted	83	−0.50	−1.09–0.09	0.30
Adjusted	83	−0.53	−1.12–0.05	0.22
MMP9
Unadjusted	71	−0.09	−0.52–0.34	0.78
Adjusted	71	−0.12	−0.57–0.33	0.74
NFKBIA
Unadjusted	87	0.09	−0.03–0.22	0.37
Adjusted	87	0.10	−0.03–0.22	0.34
OLR1
Unadjusted	ND	ND	ND	ND
Adjusted	ND	ND	ND	ND
PDGFA
Unadjusted	64	0.21	−0.06–0.48	0.37
Adjusted	64	0.29	0.00–0.57	0.17
PDGFB
Unadjusted	77	0.24	0.03–0.45	0.12
Adjusted	77	0.24	0.03–0.45	0.11
PDK4
Unadjusted	88	−0.14	−0.41–0.13	0.55
Adjusted	88	−0.08	−0.34–0.18	0.70
RELA
Unadjusted	83	−0.06	−0.21–0.10	0.64
Adjusted	83	−0.10	−0.25–0.06	0.45
TGFB2
Unadjusted	75	0.12	−0.15–0.39	0.64
Adjusted	75	0.10	−0.18–0.38	0.69
TLR4
Unadjusted	85	−0.36	−0.54–(−0.18)	0.008
Adjusted	85	−0.33	−0.52–(−0.15)	0.042
TNF
Unadjusted	86	−0.09	−0.23–0.05	0.42
Adjusted	86	−0.09	−0.23–0.05	0.45
TNFRSF1A
Unadjusted	88	−0.24	−0.41–(−0.07)	0.05
Adjusted	88	−0.22	−0.40–(−0.04)	0.09
TNFRSF1B
Unadjusted	88	−0.11	−0.29–0.08	0.46
Adjusted	88	−0.10	−0.28–0.08	0.47
Lipid metabolism-related genes
ABCA1
Unadjusted	72	−0.12	−0.39–0.16	0.64
Adjusted	72	−0.12	−0.39–0.15	0.64
ABCG1
Unadjusted	81	0.09	−0.14–0.32	0.64
Adjusted	81	0.11	−0.12–0.34	0.60
CD36
Unadjusted	85	−0.24	−0.40–(−0.07)	0.05
Adjusted	85	−0.23	−0.39–(−0.08)	0.042
CPT1A
Unadjusted	78	0.05	−0.17–0.26	0.78
Adjusted	78	0.05	−0.27–0.27	0.80
CPT1B
Unadjusted	82	−0.26	−0.49–(−0.02)	0.12
Adjusted	82	−0.26	−0.49–(−0.03)	0.13
CRAT
Unadjusted	84	0.01	−0.13–0.16	0.89
Adjusted	84	0.02	−0.13–0.17	0.88
HMGCR
Unadjusted	86	0.04	−0.12–0.19	0.78
Adjusted	86	0.04	−0.12–0.20	0.74
LDLR
Unadjusted	73	0.24	0.04–0.45	0.10
Adjusted	73	0.25	0.04–0.46	0.09
LIPE
Unadjusted	ND	ND	ND	ND
Adjusted	ND	ND	ND	ND
NAMPT
Unadjusted	80	−0.07	−0.25–0.12	0.64
Adjusted	80	−0.06	−0.25–0.12	0.69
PLIN2
Unadjusted	80	0.02	−0.18–0.21	0.89
Adjusted	80	0.004	−0.20–0.20	0.98
PPARA
Unadjusted	87	0.03	−0.15–0.21	0.81
Adjusted	87	0.02	−0.16–0.20	0.88
PPARD
Unadjusted	87	0.22	0.09–0.36	0.021
Adjusted	87	0.21	0.08–0.35	0.042
SREBF1
Unadjusted	81	−0.15	−0.69–0.39	0.74
Adjusted	81	−0.24	−0.77–0.28	0.61
UCP2
Unadjusted	84	0.16	−0.04–0.36	0.32
Adjusted	84	0.17	−0.02–0.36	0.23

Adjusted models: The effect of the independent variable “study group” is adjusted for fold change at baseline (log2 transformed) and study center. It should be noted that the regression coefficient expresses the mean difference between the groups, unadjusted and adjusted. A q value <0.05 (FDR < 5 %) were considered significant
ND not detected

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