Fig. 3

The mean values of indicators SAT, UNSAT, PUFA, and MUFA in the liver of the HiCHO and control groups. HiCHO high-carbohydrate (68%) diet-fed study group (n = 6); ST rats standard diet-fed controls (n = 6). Male Wistar rats weighing 151 ± 3 g were fed until achieved 250 g (21 days HiCHO vs. 25 days ST). Fatty acid composition was determined using gas chromatography. Results were expressed in relative percentage of the sum of saturated (SAT), unsaturated (UNSAT), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The group of SAT includes 12:0, 14:0, 16:0, 17:0, 18:0, 21:0, and 22:0. The group of UNSAT includes 16:1 n-7, 18:1 n-9, 18:2 n-6, 18:3 n-6, 20:3 n-6, 20:4 n-6, 20:5 n-3, and 22:6 n-3. The group of MUFA includes 16:1 n-7 and 18:1 n-9. The group of PUFA includes 18:2 n-6, 18:3 n-6, 20:3 n-6, 20:4 n-6, 20:5 n-3, and 22:6 n-3. Shapiro-Wilk test was used for normality assessing. Student’s t test for unpaired samples (data are presented as mean ± SD) was used to analyze indicators such as PUFA and MUFA; Mann-Whitney U test (data are presented as median and range) was used to analyze the indicators SAT and UNSAT. *p < 0.05