Examining for an association between candidate gene polymorphisms in the metabolic syndrome components on excess weight and adiposity measures in youth: a cross-sectional study

Table 1 Characteristics of the study population, stratified according to BMI

Variable	BMI <p 85.0th (%), n = 809	BMI ≥p 85.0th (%), n = 272	p value
Socioeconomic status^a
Low	43.3	39.3	0.082
Medium	37.8	36.4
High	18.9	24.3
Maternal education, year^a
0–6	15.3	7.7	0.008
+6–12	47.4	49.8
+12	37.3	42.4
Paternal education, year^a
0–6	14.8	10.6	0.023
+6–12	47.2	44.1
+12	38.1	45.3
Pubertal maturation^a
Prepubertal	18.2	18.4	0.155
Pubertal	26.6	33.8
Postpubertal	55.3	47.8
Family history^b
Obesity	34.4	60.1	<0.001
Type 2 diabetes	55.8	62.0	0.073
Gestational diabetes	2.7	2.6	0.897
Hypertension	76.0	83.4	0.011
Dyslipidemia	59.5	69.7	0.003
Birth weight, (g)^a
<2500	9.2	6.3	0.056
≥2500–4000	85.7	86.1
>4000	5.1	7.5
Maternal breastfeeding^b	93.8	90.4	0.057
Duration of breastfeeding, (months)^a
0–1	6.2	9.7	0.048
>1–3	21.4	22.8
>3–6	21.3	21.7
>6	51.1	45.7
Mean ± SD
Anthropometry^c
Weight, kg	47.3 (11.0)	59.8 (15.0)	<0.001
BMI, kg/m²	19.0 (2.39)	24.4 (3.49)	<0.001
BF%	22,3 (7.8)	32.2 (8.11)	<0.001
Waist circumference, (cm)	65,0 (5.8)	76.2 (8.3)	<0.001

Data is shown as percentage (%) or average ± standard deviation The significant p values (p < 0.05) are given in bold
BMI body mass index, BF% body fat percentage
^aSpearman correlation
^bPearson’s chi-square
^cStudent t test

ISSN: 1865-3499