A scheme for a flexible classification of dietary and health biomarkers

Genes & Nutrition

Table 3 Examples of complex FIBs using combination of FCIBs

Food or food component	Combined FIB	Modes for combining FCIBs				Source of information
Food or food component	Combined FIB	Either-or	Sum of 2 or more	Pattern^a	Ratios of biomarkers	Source of information
Beer	Isoxanthohumol/8-prenylnaringenin	X	X			[85]
Soy	Equol/O-desmethylangolensin	X	X			[86]
Beer	N-methyl tyramine sulfate, the sum of iso-α-acids and tricyclohumols, pyro-glutamyl proline, 2-ethyl malate			X (3/4)		[38]
Red wine	Tartrate, ethyl glucuronide			X (2/2)		[37]
Sugar-sweetened beverages	Formate, citrulline, taurine, isocitrate			X (4/4)		[87]
Wheat or rye fibers	Ratios of specific alkylresorcinols (C17:0/C21:0)				X	[39,40,41]
Fruit and vegetables	Ten flavonoids		X			[42]
Walnut	Metabolites of fatty acid metabolism (10-hydroxy-decene-4,6-diynoic acid sulfate; tridecadienoic/tridecynoic acid glucuronide), ellagitannin-derived microbial compounds (urolithin A glucuronide; urolithin A sulfate), and intermediate metabolites of the tryptophan/serotonin pathway (3-indolecarboxylic acid glucuronide)			X (5/5)		[88]
Coffee	Atractyligenin glucuronide, cyclo(isoleucylprolyl), 1-methylxanthine and trigonelline		X			[89]

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