Table 4 Macronutrient intake in high- and low-protein consumers stratified by ethnicity
|  | Low protein (≤ median intake)a | High protein (> median intake)a | p b |
|---|---|---|---|
Caucasian (n) | 380 | 379 | Â |
 Carbohydrates | |||
  Total carbohydrates (% energy intake) | 54.3 ± 0.4d | 50.0 ± 0.4 | < .0001 |
  Sugarsc (% energy intake) | 25.0 ± 0.4 | 23.1 ± 0.3 | 0.0001 |
  Fiber (g/day) | 27.1 ± 0.7 | 26.2 ± 0.7 | 0.57 |
  Starches (% energy intake) | 24.2 ± 0.3 | 21.8 ± 0.3 | < .0001 |
  Carbohydrates from whole grains (% energy intake) | 8.4 ± 0.3 | 9.2 ± 0.3 | 0.05 |
 Fat | |||
  Total fats (% energy intake) | 30.5 ± 0.4 | 30.9 ± 0.3 | 0.70 |
  Saturated fat (% energy intake) | 9.4 ± 0.1 | 10.2 ± 0.1 | < .0001 |
  Monounsaturated fat (% energy intake) | 12.5 ± 0.2 | 12.2 ± 0.2 | 0.38 |
  Polyunsaturated fat (% energy intake) | 5.9 ± 0.1 | 5.6 ± 0.1 | 0.01 |
 Protein |  |  |  |
  Total protein (% energy intake) | 14.4 ± 0.1 | 19.1 ± 0.1 | < .0001 |
  Animal protein intake (% energy intake) | 7.6 ± 0.1 | 12.7 ± 0.2 | < .0001 |
  Plant protein intake (% energy intake) | 6.7 ± 0.1 | 6.4 ± 0.1 | 0.01 |
East Asian (n) | 279 | 279 | Â |
 Carbohydrates | |||
  Total carbohydrates (% energy intake) | 56.8 ± 0.4 | 49.6 ± 0.4 | < .0001 |
  Sugarsc (% energy intake) | 24.7 ± 0.5 | 21.1 ± 0.4 | < .0001 |
  Fiber (g/day) | 24.0 ± 0.9 | 20.8 ± 0.7 | 0.08 |
  Starches (% energy intake) | 27.5 ± 0.4 | 24.1 ± 0.4 | < .0001 |
  Carbohydrates from whole grains (% energy intake) | 5.8 ± 0.3 | 6.1 ± 0.3 | 0.68 |
 Fat | |||
  Total fats (% energy intake) | 28.4 ± 0.4 | 30.1 ± 0.3 | 0.0002 |
  Saturated fat (% energy intake) | 9.0 ± 0.1 | 9.8 ± 0.1 | < .0001 |
  Monounsaturated fat (% energy intake) | 11.1 ± 0.2 | 11.6 ± 0.1 | 0.01 |
  Polyunsaturated fat (% energy intake) | 5.6 ± 0.1 | 5.6 ± 0.1 | 0.64 |
 Protein | |||
  Total protein (% energy intake) | 15.5 ± 0.1 | 20.9 ± 0.1 | < .0001 |
  Animal protein intake (% energy intake) | 9.1 ± 0.1 | 14.9 ± 0.2 | < .0001 |
  Plant protein intake (% energy intake) | 6.4 ± 0.1 | 6.1 ± 0.1 | 0.01 |
South Asian (n) | 87 | 87 | Â |
 Carbohydrates | |||
  Total carbohydrates (% energy intake) | 60.5 ± 0.9 | 50.4 ± 0.9 | < .0001 |
  Sugarsc (% energy intake) | 27.7 ± 0.8 | 21.3 ± 0.6 | < .0001 |
  Fiber (g/day) | 23.2 ± 1.5 | 23.2 ± 1.5 | 0.77 |
  Starches (% energy intake) | 27.7 ± 1.0 | 24.4 ± 0.7 | 0.01 |
  Carbohydrates from whole grains (% energy intake) | 7.9 ± 1.1 | 8.2 ± 0.7 | 0.07 |
 Fat | |||
  Total fats (% energy intake) | 27.2 ± 0.9 | 30.0 ± 0.7 | 0.01 |
  Saturated fat (% energy intake) | 8.6 ± 0.3 | 9.9 ± 0.3 | 0.004 |
  Monounsaturated fat (% energy intake) | 10.9 ± 0.6 | 11.6 ± 0.3 | 0.04 |
  Polyunsaturated fat (% energy intake) | 5.4 ± 0.2 | 5.7 ± 0.2 | 0.32 |
 Protein | |||
  Total protein (% energy intake) | 14.0 ± 0.2 | 20.6 ± 0.3 | < .0001 |
  Animal protein intake (% energy intake) | 7.4 ± 0.3 | 14.3 ± 0.4 | < .0001 |
  Plant protein intake (% energy intake) | 6.6 ± 0.2 | 6.3 ± 0.2 | 0.39 |