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Table 2 Effect of palmitate on mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis in pMECs

From: Metabolic transition of milk triacylglycerol synthesis in response to varying levels of palmitate in porcine mammary epithelial cells

Gene

Palmitate concentration (μM)

SEM

P value

0

25

50

100

200

400

600

Palmitate

Linear

Quadratic

Fatty acid uptake and import into cells

 CD36

1.00d

2.11cd

2.63bc

1.91cd

2.48bc

3.49b

4.73a

0.14

< 0.001

< 0.0001

0.10

 LPL

1.00c

1.96bc

2.47abc

2.32abc

3.74a

2.67ab

2.17bc

0.17

0.03

0.02

0.01

Fatty acid activation and intra-cellular transport

 ACSL3

1.00e

1.44d

1.75cd

1.98bc

1.97bc

2.58a

2.19b

0.05

< 0.0001

0.0001

0.02

 FABP3

1.00d

1.17d

1.73c

2.36b

2.05bc

2.35b

3.50a

0.06

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

0.26

Fatty acid de novo synthesis and desaturation

 ACACA

1.00a

1.15a

1.01a

0.48b

0.52b

0.65b

0.52b

0.04

< 0.001

< 0.0001

0.22

 FASN

1.00a

0.96a

0.53b

0.52b

0.43b

0.46b

0.34b

0.03

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.01

 SCD

1.00ab

0.64abc

0.34cd

0.27d

0.55bcd

0.55bcd

1.13a

0.06

0.01

0.62

< 0.001

TAG synthesis and lipid droplet formation

 AGPAT1

1.00

1.21

1.16

1.03

1.16

1.51

1.41

0.05

0.11

0.02

0.42

 AGPAT6

1.00c

1.50b

1.34bc

1.37bc

1.39bc

2.25a

2.13a

0.06

< 0.01

< 0.0001

0.21

 LPIN1

1.00ab

0.85bc

0.69bc

0.80bc

0.48c

1.31a

0.75bc

0.05

0.03

0.94

0.14

 LPIN2

1.00b

1.08b

0.84bc

0.94bc

0.70c

1.93a

2.10a

0.04

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

 DGAT1

1.00d

1.80c

1.80c

1.61c

2.56b

2.17bc

3.28a

0.07

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

0.27

 GPAM

1.00b

1.25b

1.49b

1.57b

1.57b

2.81a

2.42a

0.10

< 0.01

< 0.0001

0.50

 PLIN2

1.00c

0.90c

1.48c

1.55c

2.70b

3.37b

5.52a

0.18

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.01

Regulation of transcription

 SREBP1

1.00ab

1.03a

0.61c

0.68c

0.66c

0.76bc

0.53c

0.03

< 0.01

< 0.001

0.16

 PPARa

1.00

1.12

0.90

1.11

0.92

0.87

1.02

0.05

0.78

0.57

0.89

 PPARγ

1.00c

2.03bc

1.80bc

0.91c

1.73bc

2.83ab

4.73a

0.27

0.03

< 0.01

0.05

 INSIG1

1.00abc

1.06abc

0.84bcd

0.73cd

0.52d

1.21ab

1.38a

0.05

< 0.01

0.10

< 0.001

 SCAP

1.00c

1.43a

1.21b

1.03c

0.98c

1.40a

1.20b

0.02

< 0.0001

0.29

0.49

  1. Different letters indicate statistical significance between different concentrations of palmitate treatment groups (p < 0.05)