Gene | Palmitate concentration (μM) | SEM | P value | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 25 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 400 | 600 | Palmitate | Linear | Quadratic | ||
Fatty acid uptake and import into cells | |||||||||||
 CD36 | 1.00d | 2.11cd | 2.63bc | 1.91cd | 2.48bc | 3.49b | 4.73a | 0.14 | < 0.001 | < 0.0001 | 0.10 |
 LPL | 1.00c | 1.96bc | 2.47abc | 2.32abc | 3.74a | 2.67ab | 2.17bc | 0.17 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
Fatty acid activation and intra-cellular transport | |||||||||||
 ACSL3 | 1.00e | 1.44d | 1.75cd | 1.98bc | 1.97bc | 2.58a | 2.19b | 0.05 | < 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.02 |
 FABP3 | 1.00d | 1.17d | 1.73c | 2.36b | 2.05bc | 2.35b | 3.50a | 0.06 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | 0.26 |
Fatty acid de novo synthesis and desaturation | |||||||||||
 ACACA | 1.00a | 1.15a | 1.01a | 0.48b | 0.52b | 0.65b | 0.52b | 0.04 | < 0.001 | < 0.0001 | 0.22 |
 FASN | 1.00a | 0.96a | 0.53b | 0.52b | 0.43b | 0.46b | 0.34b | 0.03 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.01 |
 SCD | 1.00ab | 0.64abc | 0.34cd | 0.27d | 0.55bcd | 0.55bcd | 1.13a | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.62 | < 0.001 |
TAG synthesis and lipid droplet formation | |||||||||||
 AGPAT1 | 1.00 | 1.21 | 1.16 | 1.03 | 1.16 | 1.51 | 1.41 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.42 |
 AGPAT6 | 1.00c | 1.50b | 1.34bc | 1.37bc | 1.39bc | 2.25a | 2.13a | 0.06 | < 0.01 | < 0.0001 | 0.21 |
 LPIN1 | 1.00ab | 0.85bc | 0.69bc | 0.80bc | 0.48c | 1.31a | 0.75bc | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.94 | 0.14 |
 LPIN2 | 1.00b | 1.08b | 0.84bc | 0.94bc | 0.70c | 1.93a | 2.10a | 0.04 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
 DGAT1 | 1.00d | 1.80c | 1.80c | 1.61c | 2.56b | 2.17bc | 3.28a | 0.07 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | 0.27 |
 GPAM | 1.00b | 1.25b | 1.49b | 1.57b | 1.57b | 2.81a | 2.42a | 0.10 | < 0.01 | < 0.0001 | 0.50 |
 PLIN2 | 1.00c | 0.90c | 1.48c | 1.55c | 2.70b | 3.37b | 5.52a | 0.18 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.01 |
Regulation of transcription | |||||||||||
 SREBP1 | 1.00ab | 1.03a | 0.61c | 0.68c | 0.66c | 0.76bc | 0.53c | 0.03 | < 0.01 | < 0.001 | 0.16 |
 PPARa | 1.00 | 1.12 | 0.90 | 1.11 | 0.92 | 0.87 | 1.02 | 0.05 | 0.78 | 0.57 | 0.89 |
 PPARγ | 1.00c | 2.03bc | 1.80bc | 0.91c | 1.73bc | 2.83ab | 4.73a | 0.27 | 0.03 | < 0.01 | 0.05 |
 INSIG1 | 1.00abc | 1.06abc | 0.84bcd | 0.73cd | 0.52d | 1.21ab | 1.38a | 0.05 | < 0.01 | 0.10 | < 0.001 |
 SCAP | 1.00c | 1.43a | 1.21b | 1.03c | 0.98c | 1.40a | 1.20b | 0.02 | < 0.0001 | 0.29 | 0.49 |