Dietary protein sources and tumoral overexpression of RhoA, VEGF-A and VEGFR2 genes among breast cancer patients

Shokri, Ali; Pirouzpanah, Saeed; Foroutan-Ghaznavi, Mitra; Montazeri, Vahid; Fakhrjou, Ashraf; Nozad-Charoudeh, Hojjatollah; Tavoosidana, Gholamreza

doi:10.1186/s12263-019-0645-7

Table 2 Correlations between intake levels of protein from different sources and fold change expression of RhoA, VEGF-A, and VEGFR2 in the study population

From: Dietary protein sources and tumoral overexpression of RhoA, VEGF-A and VEGFR2 genes among breast cancer patients

Dietary variables	Fold change of RhoA (n = 167)				Fold change of VEGF− A (n = 169)				Fold change of VEGFR2 (n = 160)
Dietary variables	β ^§	p value	β _adj. ^¥	p value	β	p value	β _adj.	p value	β	p value	β _adj.	p value
Total protein*	0.112	0.160	0.178 ^a	0.044	0.014	0.854	0.200 ⁿ	0.029	0.094	0.231	0.217 ^aa	0.013
Animal protein*	0.106	0.203	0.192 ^b	0.043	0.078	0.328	0.100^o	0.246	0.199	0.012	0.237 ^bb	0.007
Plant protein*	− 0.049	0.547	− 0.139^c	0.145	0.043	0.581	0.025^p	0.769	− 0.038	0.639	− 0.048^cc	0.567
Red meat	0.151	0.053	0.348 ^d	0.001	0.135	0.081	0. 262 ^q	0.001	0.210	0.006	0.304 ^dd	< 0.001
Processed red meat	0.045	0.569	0.086^e	0.326	0.082	0.283	0.184 ^r	0.043	0.113	0.147	0.191 ^ee	0.039
Poultries	− 0.107	0.192	− 0.148^f	0.106	− 0.016	0.833	− 0.086^s	0.331	− 0.008	0.919	− 0.053^ff	0.545
Seafood	− 0.053	0.499	− 0.080^g	0.368	0.133	0.105	0.180 ^t	0.038	0.060	0.441	0.119^gg	0.185
Dairy products	0.082	0.376	0.175^h	0.133	0.131	0.085	0.183 ^u	0.030	0.049	0.539	0.101^hh	0.283
Legumes	0.026	0.743	0.009ⁱ	0.918	− 0.097	0.214	− 0.127^v	0.120	− 0.089	0.267	− 0.159ⁱⁱ	0.082
Nuts and cereals	− 0.129	0.100	− 0.180 ^j	0.034	0.088	0.224	− 0.015^w	0.864	− 0.103	0.186	− 0.150^jj	0.073
Residual protein	0.107	0.182	0.168^k	0.053	0.117	0.165	0.206 ^x	0.029	0.001	0.989	0.110^kk	0.248
Total protein/dietary fiber	0.131	0.097	0.216 ^l	0.014	− 0.115	0.138	0.005^y	0.953	0.077	0.337	0.171^ll	0.057
Animal protein/plant protein	0.069	0.399	0.227 ^m	0.010	0.001	0.981	0.100^z	0.261	0.213	0.007	0.283 ^mm	0.001

*Energy-adjusted variables in terms of nutrient density was estimated. ^§Values are expressed as β from a simple linear regression model. ^¥Values are expressed as β from multivariate linear regression-adjusted model. Dietary variables adjusted for the following: ^aMean duration of breastfeeding (months), BMI (kg/m²), and crude fiber (g/day). ^bFat intake (g/day), crude fiber (g/day), the age of first childbirth (years), tumor size (cm), age at diagnosis (years), and the number of pregnancies. ^cEnergy intake (kcal/day), dietary fiber (g/day), and waist to hip ratio. ^dEnergy intake (kcal/day), the mean duration of breastfeeding (months), tumor size (cm), and BMI (kg/m²). ^eEnergy intake (kcal/day) and tumor size (cm). ^fLog transformed and adjusted for fat intake (g/day), the age of menarche (years), and tumor size (cm). ^gAge of first childbirth (years), the age of menarche (years), and waist circumference (cm). ^hLog transformed and adjusted for energy intake (kcal/day), BMI (kg/m²), tumor size (cm), and age of menarche (years). ⁱBMI (kg/m²), tumor size (cm), and carbohydrate intake (g/day). ^jLog transformed and adjusted for fat intake (g/day) and mean duration of breastfeeding (months). ^kMean duration of breastfeeding (months), physical activity rate and OCP usage. ^lCarbohydrate intake (g/day), the age of menarche (years), and mean duration of breastfeeding (months). ^mFat intake (g/day), the age of first childbirth (years), and the number of lactation (n). ⁿFat intake (g/day), tumor size (cm), and carbohydrate intake (g/day). ^oFat intake (g/day) and tumor size (cm). ^pDietary fiber intake (g/day) and waist to hip ratio. ^qFat intake (g/day). ^rFat intake (g/day), red meat intake (g/day), the age of first childbirth (years), waist to hip ratio, and age of menarche (years). ^sFat intake (g/day), mean duration of breastfeeding (months), and BMI (kg/m²). ^tLog transformed and adjusted for energy intake (kcal/day) and mean duration of breastfeeding (months). ^uFat intake (g/day), red meat intake (g/day), number of pregnancies (n), and physical activity rate. ^vLog transformed and adjusted for energy intake (kcal/day), insoluble fiber intake (g/day), and age at diagnosis (years). ^wEnergy intake (kcal/day), insoluble fiber (g/day), and waist to hip ratio. ^xFat intake (g/day), BMI (kg/m²), and tumor size (cm). ^yFat intake (g/day) and tumor size (cm). ^zFat intake (g/day), the age of first childbirth (years), and waist to hip ratio. ^aaDietary fiber intake (g/day), fat intake (g/day), and tumor size (cm). ^bbMean duration of breastfeeding (months) and tumor size (cm). ^ccFat intake (g/day) and age of menarche (years). ^ddFat intake (g/day), BMI (kg/m²), and tumor size (cm). ^eeRed meat intake (g/day), fat intake (g/day), and tumor size (cm). ^ffFat intake (g/day), soluble fiber (g/day), and waist to hip ratio. ^ggEnergy intake (kcal), mean duration of breastfeeding (months), and tumor size (cm). ^hhRed meat intake (g/day), mean duration of breastfeeding (months), physical activity rate, and tumor size (cm). ⁱⁱLog transformed and adjusted for fat intake (g/day), waist to hip ratio, and tumor size (cm). ^jjLog transformed and adjusted for waist circumference (cm). ^kkFat intake (g/day), tumor size (cm), and waist circumference (cm). ^llCarbohydrate intake (g/day), the age of menarche (years), and waist to hip ratio. ^mmFat intake (g/day) and BMI (kg/m²)

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