Dietary protein sources and tumoral overexpression of RhoA, VEGF-A and VEGFR2 genes among breast cancer patients

Shokri, Ali; Pirouzpanah, Saeed; Foroutan-Ghaznavi, Mitra; Montazeri, Vahid; Fakhrjou, Ashraf; Nozad-Charoudeh, Hojjatollah; Tavoosidana, Gholamreza

doi:10.1186/s12263-019-0645-7

Table 3 Correlations between intake levels of protein from different sources and fold change expression of RhoA, VEGF-A, and VEGFR2 within each category of ER status

From: Dietary protein sources and tumoral overexpression of RhoA, VEGF-A and VEGFR2 genes among breast cancer patients

Dietary variables	Fold change of RhoA								Fold change of VEGF-A								Fold change of VEGFR2
	ER+ (n = 123)				ER− (n = 20)				ER+ (n = 118)				ER− (n = 18)				ER+ (n = 115)				ER− (n = 14)
	β ^§	p value	β _adj. ^¥	p value	β	p value	β _adj.	p value	β	p value	β _adj.	p value	β	p value	β _adj.	p value	β	p value	β _adj.	p value	β	p value	β _adj.	p value
Total protein*	0.044	0.642	0.119^a	0.260	0.111	0.651	0.007	0.977	0.197	0.032	0.207ⁿ	0.102	− 0.063	0.834	− 0.046	0.919	0.075	0.416	0.111^aa	0.271	− 0.264	0.343	− 0.293	0.471
Animal protein*	0.130	0.181	0.230 ^b	0.045	− 0.07	0.755	0.588	0.009	0.119	0.199	0.098^o	0.325	0.385	0.127	0.149	0.663	0.253	0.005	0.299 ^bb	0.003	− 0.263	0.344	− 0.444	0.357
Plant protein*	− 0.041	0.663	− 0.111^c	0.292	− 0.018	0.941	− 0.247	0.419	0.144	0.132	0.137^p	0.162	− 0.294	0.237	− 0.241	0.354	0.045	0.629	− 0.005^cc	0.961	− 0.164	0.560	− 0.110	0.744
Red meat	0.245	0.007	0.297 ^d	0.002	− 0.151	0.538	− 0.091	0.717	0.274	0.002	0.283 ^q	0.002	0.121	0.643	0.318	0.289	0.269	0.002	0.315 ^dd	0.001	− 0.121	0.656	− 0.050	0.903
Processed red meat	0.056	0.546	0.087^e	0.388	− 0.342	0.151	− 0.447	0.169	0.102	0.250	0.116^r	0.294	0.124	0.624	0.013	0.973	0.068	0.452	0.133^ee	0.186	0.621	0.010	0.643	0.126
Poultries	− 0.114	0.231	− 0.177^f	0.088	− 0.019	0.940	0.866	0.009	− 0.070	0.441	− 0.071^s	0.489	− 0.150	0.553	− 0.043	0.901	− 0.023	0.806	− 0.041^ff	0.692	− 0.226	0.401	− 0.531	0.150
Seafood	− 0.049	0.597	− 0.072^g	0.496	− 0.221	0.350	− 0.406	0.194	0.076	0.425	0.138^t	0.188	− 0.350	0.183	− 0.351	0.247	0.051	0.572	0.095^gg	0.364	− 0.135	0.618	0.059	0.827
Dairy products	0.076	0.426	0.153^h	0.172	0.280	0.232	0.673	0.076	0.109	0.219	0.126^u	0.187	0.486	0.035	0.629	0.050	− 0.058	0.530	− 0.039^hh	0.711	0.467	0.068	0.646	0.193
Legumes	0.023	0.799	0.003ⁱ	0.976	0.408	0.074	0.673	0.124	− 0.064	0.479	− 0.081^v	0.408	0.118	0.630	− 0.145	0.709	− 0.150	0.102	− 0.177ⁱⁱ	0.067	0.398	0.126	0.697	0.051
Nuts and cereals	− 0.074	0.419	− 0.227 ^j	0.045	− 0.249	0.289	− 0.231	0.359	0.133	0.131	0.116^w	0.283	− 0.257	0.288	− 0.387	0.099	− 0.112	0.212	− 0.130^jj	0.166	− 0.053	0.844	− 0.307	0.248
Residual protein	0.06	0.527	0.135^k	0.229	0.01	0.967	0.329	0.316	0.169	0.082	0.311 ^x	0.004	− 0.150	0.578	− 0.100	0.786	− 0.034	0.724	0.090^kk	0.405	0.068	0.816	− 0.330	0.101
Total protein/dietary fiber	0.146	0.117	0.249 ^l	0.020	0.402	0.088	0.382	0.202	0.034	0.714	0.020^y	0.844	− 0.195	0.438	− 0.137	0.689	0.108	0.243	0.197^ll	0.056	− 0.130	0.658	− 0.105	0.779
Animal protein/plant protein	0.044	0.650	0.160^m	0.133	0.081	0.741	0.132	0.708	− 0.012	0.897	0.076^z	0.471	0.292	0.242	0.344	0.205	0.253	0.006	0.331 ^mm	< 0.001	− 0.251	0.348	− 0.254	0.406

ER estrogen receptor
*Energy-adjusted variables in terms of nutrient density were estimated. ^§Values are expressed as β from a simple linear regression model. ^¥Values are expressed as β from multivariate linear regression adjusted model. Dietary variables adjusted for the following: ^aMean duration of breastfeeding (months), BMI (kg/m²), and crude fiber (g/day). ^bFat intake (g/day), crude fiber (g/day), BMI (kg/m²), age first childbirth (years), and number of pregnancies. ^cEnergy intake (kcal/day), dietary fiber, and BMI (kg/m²). ^dEnergy intake (kcal/day). ^eEnergy intake (kcal/day) and tumor size (cm). ^fLog transformed and adjusted for fat intake (g/day), the age of menarche (years), and tumor size (cm). ^gAge of first childbirth (years), the age of menarche (years), and waist circumference (cm). ^hLog transformed and adjusted for energy intake (kcal/day), BMI (kg/m²), tumor size (cm), and age of menarche (years). ⁱBMI (kg/m²), tumor size (cm), and carbohydrate intake (g/day). ^jLog transformed and adjusted for fat intake (g/day), the mean duration of breastfeeding (months), BMI (kg/m²), and tumor size (cm). ^kMean duration of breastfeeding (months), BMI (kg/m²), fat intake (g/day), and soluble fiber (g/day). ^lCarbohydrate intake (g/day), the age of menarche (years), and mean duration of breastfeeding (months). ^mFat intake (g/day), the age of first childbirth (years), and number of lactation (n). ⁿFat intake (g/day), tumor size (cm), and carbohydrate intake (g/day). ^oFat intake (g/day) and tumor size (cm). ^pDietary fiber intake (g/day) and waist to hip ratio. ^qFat intake (g/day). ^rFat intake (g/day), red meat intake (g/day), the age of first childbirth (years), waist to hip ratio, and age of menarche (years). ^sFat intake (g/day), mean duration of breastfeeding (months), and BMI (kg/m²). ^tLog transformed and adjusted for energy intake (kcal/day) and mean duration of breastfeeding (months). ^uFat intake (g/day), red meat intake (g/day), number of pregnancies (n), and physical activity rate. ^vLog transformed and adjusted for energy intake (kcal/day), insoluble fiber intake (g/day), and age at diagnosis (years). ^wEnergy intake (kcal/day), insoluble fiber (g/day), and waist to hip ratio. ^xFat intake (g/day), BMI (kg/m²), and tumor size (cm). ^yFat intake (g/day) and tumor size (cm). ^zFat intake (g/day), the age of first childbirth (years), and waist to hip ratio. ^aaDietary fiber intake (g/day), fat intake (g/day), and tumor size (cm). ^bbMean duration of breastfeeding (months) and tumor size (cm). ^ccFat intake (g/day) and age of menarche (years). ^ddFat intake (g/day), BMI (kg/m²), and tumor size (cm). ^eeRed meat intake (g/day), fat intake (g/day), and tumor size (cm). ^ffFat intake (g/day), soluble fiber (g/day), and waist to hip ratio. ^ggEnergy intake (kcal), mean duration of breastfeeding (months), and tumor size (cm). ^hhRed meat intake (g/day), mean duration of breastfeeding (months), physical activity rate, and tumor size (cm). ⁱⁱLog transformed and adjusted for fat intake (g/day), waist to hip ratio, and tumor size (cm). ^jjLog transformed and adjusted waist circumference (cm). ^kkFat intake (g/day), tumor size (cm), and waist circumference (cm). ^llCarbohydrate intake (g/day), the age of menarche (years), and waist to hip ratio. ^mmFat intake (g/day) and BMI (kg/m²)

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