Dietary protein sources and tumoral overexpression of RhoA, VEGF-A and VEGFR2 genes among breast cancer patients

Shokri, Ali; Pirouzpanah, Saeed; Foroutan-Ghaznavi, Mitra; Montazeri, Vahid; Fakhrjou, Ashraf; Nozad-Charoudeh, Hojjatollah; Tavoosidana, Gholamreza

doi:10.1186/s12263-019-0645-7

Table 5 Correlations between intake levels of protein from different sources and fold change expression of RhoA, VEGF-A, and VEGFR2 within each category of ALNM status

From: Dietary protein sources and tumoral overexpression of RhoA, VEGF-A and VEGFR2 genes among breast cancer patients

Dietary variables	Fold change of RhoA								Fold change of VEGF-A								Fold change of VEGFR2
	ALNM+ (n = 92)				ALNM− (n = 53)				ALNM+ (n = 87)				ALNM− (n = 52)				ALNM+ (n = 87)				ALNM− (n = 46)
	β ^§	p value	β _adj. ^¥	p value	β	p value	β _adj.	p value	β	p value	β _adj.	p value	β	p value	β _adj.	p value	β	p value	β _adj.	p value	β	p value	β _adj.	p value
Total protein*	0.104	0.346	0.216^a	0.079	− 0.03	0.819	− 0.177	0.291	0.013	0.908	0.088ⁿ	0.477	0.321	0.017	0.339	0.019	0.257	0.015	0.295 ^aa	0.009	0.095	0.503	0.050	0.747
Animal protein*	0.158	0.154	0.238 ^b	0.041	− 0.050	0.708	0.205	0.217	0.117	0.283	0.099^o	0.382	0.117	0.400	0.107	0.461	− 0.060	0.580	− 0.059^bb	0.593	0.428	0.002	0.446	0.002
Plant protein*	− 0.009	0.936	− 0.195^c	0.168	0.062	0.635	− 0.181	0.301	0.090	0.408	0.091^p	0.425	0.187	0.169	0.176	0.257	− 0.112	0.303	− 0.116^cc	0.316	0.146	0.305	0.137	0.354
Red meat	0.182	0.085	0.230 ^d	0.039	− 0.027	0.841	0.073	0.632	0.294	0.005	0.321 ^q	0.003	0.197	0.143	0.221	0.115	− 0.078	0.460	− 0.013^dd	0.909	0.425	0.002	0.444	0.002
Processed red meat	0.067	0.533	0.102^e	0.374	− 0.005	0.973	0.006	0.967	0.058	0.577	0.047^r	0.695	0.117	0.386	0.082	0.617	0.152	0.151	0.265 ^ee	0.030	0.066	0.641	0.202	0.186
Poultries	− 0.135	0.226	− 0.163^f	0.185	− 0.089	0.543	− 0.139	0.372	− 0.018	0.862	− 0.039^s	0.744	− 0.092	0.503	− 0.136	0.396	− 0.031	0.772	− 0.066^ff	0.569	0.042	0.781	0.043	0.805
Seafood	− 0.034	0.747	− 0.083^g	0.493	− 0.109	0.444	− 0.086	0.643	0.040	0.727	0.086^t	0.496	0.124	0.396	0.141	0.380	− 0.055	0.600	− 0.013^gg	0.911	0.140	0.322	0.101	0.520
Dairy products	0.132	0.215	0.271 ^h	0.03	− 0.035	0.806	0.024	0.889	0.157	0.132	0.203^u	0.067	0.094	0.487	0.106	0.501	0.067	0.524	0.125^hh	0.285	0.017	0.908	0.458	0.003
Legumes	0.021	0.841	0.005ⁱ	0.964	− 0.011	0.940	0.015	0.928	0.237	0.025	0.205^v	0.095	− 0.196	0.145	− 0.267	0.147	− 0.154	0.155	− 0.201ⁱⁱ	0.089	− 0.007	0.959	− 0.095	0.560
Nuts and cereals	− 0.130	0.226	− 0.239 ^j	0.043	− 0.021	0.879	− 0.099	0.543	0.072	0.492	0.064^w	0.574	0.080	0.547	− 0.019	0.912	0.020	0.193	0.091^jj	0.413	− 0.169	0.227	− 0.219	0.153
Residual protein	0.128	0.250	0.228^k	0.086	− 0.158	0.268	− 0.207	0.228	0.071	0.544	0.142^x	0.249	0.258	0.080	0.272	0.107	0.077	0.493	0.184^kk	0.121	− 0.058	0.709	0.123	0.491
Total protein/dietary fiber	0.177	0.102	0.242 ^l	0.040	− 0.033	0.802	0.119	0.488	0.006	0.954	− 0.055^y	0.643	0.089	0.514	0.064	0.649	0.002	0.988	0.129^ll	0.301	0.158	0.264	0.303	0.041
Animal protein/plant protein	0.173	0.111	0.273 ^m	0.022	− 0.029	0.853	0.002	0.993	− 0.017	0.871	− 0.032^z	0.791	− 0.020	0.892	0.112	0.507	0.081	0.451	− 0.031^mm	0.787	0.300	0.038	0.388	0.011

ALNM axillary lymph node metastasis
*Energy-adjusted variables in terms of nutrient density was estimated. ^§Values are expressed as β from simple linear regression model. ^¥Values are expressed as β from multivariate linear regression adjusted model. Dietary variables adjusted for the following: ^aMean duration of breastfeeding (months), BMI (kg/m²), OCP usage, and menopause status. ^bCrude fiber (g/day) and age of first childbirth (years). ^cEnergy intake (kcal/day), dietary fiber (g/day), the age of menarche (years), menopause status, and BMI (kg/m²). ^dEnergy intake (kcal/day). ^eEnergy intake (kcal/day) and tumor size (cm). ^fLog transformed and adjusted for fat intake (g/day), the age of menarche (years), and tumor size. ^gAge of first childbirth (years), the age of menarche (years), and waist circumference (cm). ^hLog transformed and adjusted for energy intake (kcal/day), BMI (kg/m²), the age of first childbirth (years), and mean duration of breastfeeding (months). ⁱBMI (kg/m²), tumor size (cm), and carbohydrate intake (g/day). ^jLog transformed and adjusted for fat intake (g/day), the mean duration of breastfeeding (months), dietary fiber (g/day), and BMI (kg/m²). ^kMean duration of breastfeeding (months), BMI (kg/m²), fat intake(g/day), and soluble fiber (g/day). ^lCarbohydrate intake (g/day), the age of menarche (years), and mean duration of breastfeeding (months). ^mFat intake (g/day), the age of first childbirth (years), and number of lactation (n). ⁿFat intake (g/day), tumor size (cm), and carbohydrate intake (g/day). ^oFat intake (g/day) and tumor size (cm). ^pDietary fiber intake (g/day) and waist to hip ratio. ^qFat intake (g/day). ^rFat intake (g/day), red meat intake (g/day), the age of first childbirth (years), waist to hip ratio, and age of menarche (years). ^sFat intake (g/day), mean duration of breastfeeding (months), and BMI (kg/m²). ^tLog transformed and adjusted for energy intake (kcal/day) and mean duration of breastfeeding (months). ^uFat intake (g/day), red meat intake (g/day), number of pregnancies (n), and physical activity rate. ^vLog transformed and adjusted for energy intake (kcal/day), insoluble fiber intake (g/day), and age at diagnosis (years). ^wEnergy intake (kcal/day), insoluble fiber (g/day), and waist to hip ratio. ^xFat intake (g/day), BMI (kg/m²), and tumor size (cm). ^yFat intake (g/day) and tumor size (cm). ^zFat intake (g/day), the age of first childbirth (years), and waist to hip ratio. ^aaDietary fiber intake (g/day), fat intake (g/day), and tumor size (cm). ^bbMean duration of breastfeeding (months) and tumor size (cm). ^ccFat intake (g/day) and age of menarche (years). ^ddFat intake (g/day), BMI (kg/m²), and tumor size (cm). ^eeRed meat intake (g/day), fat intake (g/day), and tumor size (cm). ^ffFat intake (g/day), soluble fiber (g/day), and waist to hip ratio. ^ggEnergy intake (kcal), mean duration of breastfeeding (months), and tumor size (cm). ^hhRed meat intake (g/day), mean duration of breastfeeding (months), physical activity rate, and tumor size (cm). ⁱⁱLog transformed and adjusted for fat intake (g/day), waist to hip ratio, and tumor size (cm). ^jjLog transformed and adjusted waist circumference (cm). ^kkFat intake (g/day), tumor size (cm), and waist circumference (cm). ^llCarbohydrate intake (g/day), the age of menarche (years), and waist to hip ratio. ^mmFat intake (g/day) and BMI (kg/m²)

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