Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the CURES study participants: comparison of non-obese and obese individuals
Characteristic | n | Non-obese individuals | n | Obese individuals | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 194 | 51.0 ± 12.8 | 353 | 48.4 ± 10.4 | 0.017 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 194 | 21.9 ± 2.1 | 353 | 29.4 ± 4.1 | < 0.001 |
WC (cm) | 194 | 79.7 ± 8.1 | 352 | 93.0 ± 9.9 | < 0.001 |
Hip (cm) | 194 | 89.1 ± 6.1 | 352 | 102.4 ± 9.4 | < 0.001 |
WHR | 194 | 0.90 ± 0.08 | 352 | 0.91 ± 0.08 | 0.061 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 184 | 119.5 ± 60.3 | 335 | 114.7 ± 41.6 | 0.336 |
Fasting serum insulin (μIU/ml) | 194 | 8.75 ± 6.36 | 353 | 9.57 ± 5.92 | 0.132 |
Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 194 | 6.5 ± 1.9 | 353 | 6.5 ± 1.6 | 0.916 |
Vitamin B12 levels (pg/mL) | 194 | 414.0 ± 219.0 | 353 | 420.0 ± 273.0 | 0.820 |
Homocysteine | 194 | 14.1 ± 8.2 | 353 | 13.4 ± 8.0 | 0.343 |
(μmol/L) | |||||
Folic acid | 194 | 8.9 ± 5.6 | 353 | 8.5 ± 5.9 | 0.451 |
(ng/ml) | |||||
Total energy intake (kcal) | 129 | 2547.0 ± 784.0 | 234 | 2624.0 ± 768.0 | 0.363 |
Protein energy % | 129 | 11.3 ± 1.2 | 234 | 11.3 ± 1.1 | 0.947 |
Carbohydrate energy % | 129 | 63.3 ± 6.7 | 234 | 64.9 ± 6.0 | 0.020 |
Fat energy % | 129 | 24.2 ± 4.6 | 234 | 23.6 ± 4.8 | 0.293 |
Total fiber (g) | 129 | 31.6 ± 10.2 | 234 | 32.5 ± 11.9 | 0.513 |
Physical activity level | 123 | Low (81.3%) | 204 | Low (82.4%) | 0.929a |
Medium (17.1%) | Medium (15.7%) | ||||
High (1.6%) | High (2.0%) |