Table 3 Pathways associated with neurodevelopment were differentially methylated in the brain of males in response to maternal FA intake during pregnancy

 Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells^b

25/139 (17.99)

Wnt10a, Fgfr1, Mapk12, Pax6, Smad1, Wnt5b, Wnt7b (hypermethylated), Isl1, Neurog1, Onecut1, Bmpr1b, Dvl3, Esrrb, Fgfr2, Igf1r, Jak2, Klf4, Lhx5, Nanog, Pcgf1, Smad2, Smad3, Tbx3, Wnt3, Wnt7a (hypomethylated)

1.05E−03

 Autophagy—animal^b

23/134 (17.16)

Bnip3, Mtmr4, Rraga (hypermethylated), Irs2, Irs3, Nrbf2, Pten, Rb1cc1, Rragd, Ulk2, Atg10, Bad, Ddit4, Eif2ak3, Ern1, Igf1r, Irs1, Lamp1, Ppp2cb, Prkaa1, Stk11, Stx17, Uvrag (hypomethylated)

3.07E−03

 Tight junction^b

25/170 (14.71)

Nedd4l, Actb, Arhgap17, Cldn18, Dlg2, Marveld3, Mpp4, Myh7b, Myl9, Prkag1, Prkci, Rapgef6 (hypermethylated), Cacna1d, Cldn17, Ezr, Itgb1, Slc9a3r1, Crb3, F11r, Hspa4, Marveld2, Ppp2cb, Prkaa1, Prkag2, Stk11 (hypomethylated)

1.54E−02

 Calcium signaling pathway^b

27/188 (14.36)

Grin2d, Adcy4, Calml3, Cckbr, Ednra, Egfr, Erbb3, Grin1, Mylk2, P2rx1, Ptger1, Tnnc2, Trhr (hypermethylated), Adcy3, Adcy7, Cacna1d, Cacna1h, Gnal, Phkg2, Adcy1, Adrb1, Atp2b4, Gna11, Itpr3, Plcd3, Stim2, Vdac3 (hypomethylated)

1.63E−02

 mTOR signaling pathway

26/157 (16.56)

Atp6v1f, Flcn, Rps6ka1, Rraga, Slc3a2, Wnt10a, Wnt5b, Wnt7b (hypermethylated), Atp6v1b2, Atp6v1e2, Atp6v1h, Cab39, Ddit4, Dvl3, Eif4e2, Igf1r, Irs1, Prkaa1, Pten, Rps6ka3, Rragd, Sos1, Stk11, Ulk2, Wnt3, Wnt7a (hypomethylated)

2.86E−03

 Notch signaling pathway

10/52 (19.23)

Aph1b, Notch1, Psen1 (hypermethylated), Ctbp2, Dtx3l, Dvl3, Hes5, Jag1, Lfng, Notch2 (hypomethylated)

2.09E−02

 Neurotrophin signaling pathway

19/124 (15.32)

Calml3, Irak3, Irak4, Kidins220, Mapk12, Ntf3, Ntrk1, Psen1, Rps6ka1, Tp73 (hypermethylated), Arhgdia, Bad, Irs1, Ngfr, Ntrk2, Ptpn11, Rela, Rps6ka3, Sos1 (hypomethylated)

2.17E−02

 Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum

23/164 (14.02)

Bag1, Ddit3, Dnajc5b, Gcs1, Hsph1, Nploc4, Preb, Stt3a (hypermethylated), Ckap4, Derl1, Dnaja2, Eif2ak3, Ern1, P4hb, Rad23b, Sec31a, Sec61a1, Sec61a2, Ssr1, Stt3b, Stub1, Ubqln1, Yod1 (hypomethylated)

3.23E−02

 Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells^b

18/139 (12.95)

Neurog1, Dusp9, Hnf1a, Hras, Inhbb, Inhbe, Mapk3, Myc, Nodal, Pcgf3, Pcgf5, Zic3 (hypermethylated), Isl1, Onecut1, Wnt10a, Bmpr2, Fzd4, Map2k2 (hypomethylated)

8.27E−03

 Autophagy—animal^b

18/134 (13.43)

Irs2, Pten, Rb1cc1, Atg2a, Atg3, Hras, Mapk3, Rps6kb1, RragB (hypermethylated), Irs3, Nrbf2, Rragd, Ulk2, Atg9b, Eif2s1, Gabarapl2, Map2k2, Rps6kb2 (hypomethylated)

5.67E−03

 Tight junction^b

21/170 (12.35)

Cldn17, Itgb1, Actr3b, Bves, Sympk, Tuba3b, Tuba4a (hypermethylated), Cacna1d, Ezr, Nedd4l, Slc9a3r1,Cldn11, Cldn19, Cttn, Gata4, Map3k1, Myl2, Ppp2r1b, Prkag3, Prkce, Synpo (hypomethylated)

7.82E−03

 Calcium signaling pathway^b

27/188 (14.36)

Adcy3, Adcy7, Cacna1h, Phkg2, Calm3, Camk2a, Drd5, Grpr, Htr2c, P2rx4, P2rx6, Phka2, Ppp3r2, Tacr1 (hypermethylated), Cacna1d, Gnal, Grin2d, Adcy2, Camk2d, Erbb4, Gna14, Htr5b, Ltb4r2, Mylk, Nos3, P2rx5, Slc8a2 (hypomethylated)

2.73E−04

 MAPK signaling pathway

37/298 (12.42)

Cacna1h, Dusp4, Dusp8, Dusp9, Fgf16, Fgf4, Hras, Hspa8, Hspb1, Il1rap, Map4k3, Mapk3, Mapk7, Myc, Myd88, Pla2g4b, Ppp3r2, Rac2 (hypermethylated), Cacna1d, Cacng6, Cdc25b, Dusp3, Fas, Fgf20, Ikbkb, Il1r1, Kitlg, Map2k2, Map3k1, Map3k12, Map3k13, Map4k4, Mapk8ip1, Tgfa, Tgfb1, Traf2, Vegfa (hypomethylated)

4.51E−04

 TGF-beta signaling pathway

13/87 (14.94)

Cdkn2b, Fst, Inhbb, Inhbe, Ltbp1, Mapk3, Myc, Nodal, Rps6kb1 (hypermethylated), Bmpr2, Ppp2r1b, Rps6kb2, Tgfb1 (hypomethylated)

7.30E−03

 Axon guidance

19/178 (10.67)

Camk2a, Cfl1, Dpysl5, Hras, Itgb1, Mapk3, Nfatc4, Pak6, Plxnb3, Ppp3r2, Rac2, Sema4a, Sema7a, Trpc3 (hypermethylated), Bmpr2, Camk2d, Ntng1, Rgs3, Srgap2 (hypomethylated)

4.35E−02