Table 4 Pathways associated with learning/memory abilities were differentially methylated in the brain of males in response to maternal FA intake during pregnancy

 cGMP-PKG signaling pathway^b

29/167 (17.37)

Gucy1a2, Gucy1a3, Adcy4, Calml3, Ednra, Myh7, Myl9, Mylk2, Pde2a (hypermethylated), Adcy3, Adcy7, Cacna1d, Irs2, Irs3, Adcy1, Adcy5, Adrb1, Atp2b4, Bad, Gna11, Gna13, Irs1, Itpr3, Kcnmb4, Mrvi1, Pde2a, Pde3b, Pde5a, Ppp1ca, Vdac3 (hypomethylated)

7.83E−04

 Gap junction^b

15/88 (17.05)

Gucy1a2, Gucy1a3, Adcy4, Egfr (hypermethylated), Adcy3, Adcy7, Adcy1, Adcy5, Adrb1, Cdk1, Gna11, Itpr3, Pdgfc, Sos1, Tubb6 (hypomethylated)

1.61E−02

 Calcium signaling pathway^b

27/188 (14.36)

Grin2d, Adcy4, Calml3, Cckbr, Ednra, Egfr, Erbb3, Grin1, Mylk2, P2rx1, Ptger1, Tnnc2, Trhr (hypermethylated), Adcy3, Adcy7, Cacna1d, Cacna1h, Gnal, Phkg2, Adcy1, Adrb1, Atp2b4, Gna11, Itpr3, Plcd3, Stim2, Vdac3 (hypomethylated)

1.63E−02

 mTOR signaling pathway

26/157 (16.56)

Atp6v1f, Flcn, Rps6ka1, Rraga, Slc3a2, Wnt10a, Wnt5b, Wnt7b (hypermethylated), Atp6v1b2, Atp6v1e2, Atp6v1h, Cab39, Ddit4, Dvl3, Eif4e2, Igf1r, Irs1, Prkaa1, Pten, Rps6ka3, Rragd, Sos1, Stk11, Ulk2, Wnt3, Wnt7a (hypomethylated)

2.86E−03

 Rap1 signaling pathway

30/217 (13.82)

Actb, Adcy4, Calml3, Egfr, Fgf14, Fgf21, Fgfr1, Grin1, Mapk12, Prkci, Rapgef6, Skap1, Vegfb (hypermethylated), Adcy1, Adcy3, Adcy5, Adcy7, Efna2, Fgf12, Fgf20, Fgfr2, Igf1r, Itgb1, Kitlg, Map2k3, Ngfr, Pdgfc, Pfn1, Rasgrp3, Sipa1l2 (hypomethylated)

1.93E−02

 Notch signaling pathway

10/52 (19.23)

Aph1b, Notch1, Psen1 (hypermethylated), Ctbp2, Dtx3l, Dvl3, Hes5, Jag1, Lfng, Notch2 (hypomethylated)

2.09E−02

 Endocytosis

35/263 (13.31)

Ap2m1, Arpc4, Chmp1a, Chmp2a, Chmp5, Cyth2, Dnm3, Egfr, Folr1, Gbf1, Grk5, Iqsec3, Kif5a, Nedd4l, Prkci, RT1-M10-1, Sh3kbp1, Stam2, Stambp (hypermethylated), Arf1, Arf5, Arf6, Capza2, Cxcr4, Fgfr2, Git2, Igf1r, Pld2, Rab11fip1, Sh3glb2, Smad2, Smad3, Snx2, Spg20, Vps37a (hypomethylated)

2.09E−02

 Neurotrophin signaling pathway

19/124 (15.32)

Calml3, Irak3, Irak4, Kidins220, Mapk12, Ntf3, Ntrk1, Psen1, Rps6ka1, Tp73 (hypermethylated), Arhgdia, Bad, Irs1, Ngfr, Ntrk2, Ptpn11, Rela, Rps6ka3, Sos1 (hypomethylated)

2.17E−02

 cGMP-PKG signaling pathway^b

25/167 (14.97)

Adcy3, Adcy7, Gucy1a2, Irs2, Calm3, Cngb1, Mapk3, Nfatc4, Ppp3r2 (hypermethylated), Cacna1d, Gucy1a3, Irs3, Adcy2, Adcy6, Adra2c, Atp1b1, Atp1b3, Fxyd2, Gata4, Kcnma1, Map2k2, Mylk, Nos3, Prkce, Slc8a2 (hypomethylated)

2.38E−04

 Gap junction^b

14/88 (15.91)

Adcy3, Adcy7, Gucy1a2, Csnk1d, Hras, Htr2c, Mapk3, Mapk7, Tuba3b, Tuba4a (hypermethylated), Gucy1a3, Adcy2, Adcy6, Map2k2 (hypomethylated)

3.07E−03

 Calcium signaling pathway^b

27/188 (14.36)

Adcy3, Adcy7, Cacna1h, Phkg2, Calm3, Camk2a, Drd5, Grpr, Htr2c, P2rx4, P2rx6, Phka2, Ppp3r2, Tacr1 (hypermethylated), Cacna1d, Gnal, Grin2d, Adcy2, Camk2d, Erbb4, Gna14, Htr5b, Ltb4r2, Mylk, Nos3, P2rx5, Slc8a2 (hypomethylated)

2.73E−04

 MAPK signaling pathway

37/298 (12.42)

Cacna1h, Dusp4, Dusp8, Dusp9, Fgf16, Fgf4, Hras, Hspa8, Hspb1, Il1rap, Map4k3, Mapk3, Mapk7, Myc, Myd88, Pla2g4b, Ppp3r2, Rac2 (hypermethylated), Cacna1d, Cacng6, Cdc25b, Dusp3, Fas, Fgf20, Ikbkb, Il1r1, Kitlg, Map2k2, Map3k1, Map3k12, Map3k13, Map4k4, Mapk8ip1, Tgfa, Tgfb1, Traf2, Vegfa (hypomethylated)

4.51E−04

 ErbB signaling pathway

15/89 (16.85)

Camk2a, Hras, Mapk3, Myc, Pak6, Rps6kb1, Shc2 (hypermethylated), Areg, Camk2d, Erbb4, Map2k2, Rps6kb2, Shc1, Shc3, Tgfa (hypomethylated)

1.22E−03

 Glutamatergic synapse

14/116 (12.07)

Adcy3, Adcy7, Grm6, Mapk3, Pla2g4b, Ppp3r2, Slc17a8, Slc38a1 (hypermethylated), Adcy2, Adcy6, Cacna1d, Grin2d, Shank1, Shank2 (hypomethylated)

3.20E−02

 Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction

29/291 (9.97)

Chrna2, Drd5, Gabra5, Gabrd, Gabre, Gcgr, Gpr50, Grm6, Grpr, Htr1a, Htr2c, P2rx4, P2rx6, Prss2, Pth1r, Sstr1, Tacr1, Uts2r (hypermethylated), Adra2c, Chrna1, Glp2r, Grid1, Grin2d, Htr5b, Ltb4r2, Mc2r, P2rx5, Prlhr, Ptgir (hypomethylated)

3.44E−02