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Table 2 Associations between inadequate vitamin D status and risk of premenstrual symptoms stratified by VDR genotype

From: Variation in the vitamin D receptor gene, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and risk of premenstrual symptoms

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Unadjusted OR

Unadjusted

Adjusted OR

Adjusted

Unadjusted OR

Unadjusted

Adjusted OR

Adjusted

Unadjusted OR

Unadjusted

Adjusted OR

Adjusted

(95% CI)

p

(95% CI) a

p

(95% CI)

p

(95% CI) a

p

(95% CI)

p

(95% CI) a

p

 

CC

CT

TT

Acne/skin blemish

0.89 (0.54, 1.48)

0.66

0.97 (0.54, 1.73)

0.91

0.83 (0.53, 1.32)

0.43

0.88 (0.52, 1.50)

0.63

0.67 (0.35, 1.29)

0.23

0.74 (0.35, 1.57)

0.44

Bloating/swelling/breast tenderness

1.18 (0.68, 2.07)

0.55

1.34 (0.71, 2.51)

0.37

0.60 (0.36, 1.00)

0.048

0.71 (0.39, 1.27)

0.24

0.77 (0.38, 1.58)

0.48

0.76 (0.34, 1.72)

0.51

Cramps

1.29 (0.74, 2.25)

0.38

1.17 (0.61, 2.24)

0.63

0.81 (0.48, 1.36)

0.42

0.93 (0.50, 1.74)

0.82

1.26 (0.53, 3.01)

0.60

1.88 (0.66, 5.33)

0.24

Mood swings/crying easily/irritability/angry outbursts

1.03 (0.57, 1.85)

0.92

1.08 (0.55, 2.11)

0.83

0.85 (0.52, 1.41)

0.54

0.88 (0.50, 1.58)

0.68

0.93 (0.47, 1.84)

0.84

0.89 (0.41, 1.94)

0.77

Increased appetite/food cravings

1.37 (0.81, 2.30)

0.24

1.62 (0.89, 2.94)

0.12

1.56 (0.98, 2.47)

0.060

1.78 (1.03, 3.07)

0.040

0.53 (0.27, 1.05)

0.070

0.48 (0.22, 1.04)

0.06

Fatigue

1.91 (1.15, 3.17)

0.013

2.53 (1.40, 4.56)

0.0021

1.06 (0.68, 1.67)

0.79

1.12 (0.66, 1.90)

0.67

0.63 (0.33, 1.20)

0.16

0.44 (0.20, 0.97)

0.04

Headache

0.87 (0.51, 1.48)

0.61

0.99 (0.53, 1.84)

0.98

1.36 (0.78, 2.37)

0.28

1.48 (0.78, 2.82)

0.23

0.63 (0.30, 1.30)

0.21

0.39 (0.15, 1.00)

0.05

Anxiety/tension/nervousness

1.16 (0.70, 1.91)

0.57

1.63 (0.92, 2.91)

0.097

1.38 (0.87, 2.21)

0.18

1.39 (0.81, 2.38)

0.24

0.80 (0.41, 1.60)

0.54

0.63 (0.28, 1.42)

0.27

Clumsiness

1.08 (0.58, 2.00)

0.81

1.55 (0.77, 3.15)

0.22

1.35 (0.68, 2.68)

0.39

1.49 (0.68, 3.29)

0.32

1.11 (0.44, 2.82)

0.82

0.88 (0.90, 2.62)

0.82

Confusion/difficulty concentrating/forgetfulness

1.58 (0.89, 2.79)

0.12

2.11 (1.09, 4.06)

0.026

2.10 (1.18, 3.76)

0.012

2.13 (1.10, 4.13)

0.026

2.22 (0.95, 5.24)

0.067

2.07 (0.78, 5.48)

0.14

Sexual desire/activity changes

1.34 (0.82, 2.21)

0.25

1.99 (1.09, 3.63)

0.025

1.04 (0.66, 1.65)

0.86

1.26 (0.73, 2.18)

0.41

1.10 (0.59, 2.08)

0.76

1.24 (0.59, 2.62)

0.57

Insomnia

1.46 (0.68, 3.16)

0.33

2.23 (0.92, 5.41)

0.077

0.73 (0.35, 1.51)

0.39

0.61 (0.26, 1.41)

0.24

1.63 (0.61, 4.33)

0.33

1.15 (0.38, 3.55)

0.80

Nausea

1.87 (0.88, 3.95)

0.10

2.44 (1.00, 5.95)

0.050

0.53 (0.27, 1.04)

0.067

0.59 (0.27, 1.28)

0.18

1.06 (0.45, 2.50)

0.90

1.48 (0.52, 4.16)

0.46

Depression

1.31 (0.75, 2.28)

0.34

1.84 (0.97, 3.48)

0.063

1.37 (0.83, 2.25)

0.22

1.63 (0.90, 2.94)

0.11

0.71 (0.36, 1.43)

0.34

0.67 (0.30, 1.49)

0.32

Desire to be alone

1.51 (0.89, 2.56)

0.13

2.22 (1.19, 4.13)

0.012

1.51 (0.94, 2.45)

0.092

1.43 (0.82, 2.48)

0.21

1.12 (0.58, 2.13)

0.74

1.14 (0.54, 2.42)

0.74

  1. aModels were adjusted for age, ethnicity, BMI, physical activity, season of blood draw, calcium intake, and use of analgesics