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Table 3 Combination effects of rs7747752 and low L-carnitine, choline, and betaine for gestational diabetes mellitus

From: Interactions of CDKAL1 rs7747752 polymorphism and serum levels of L-carnitine and choline are related to increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus

SNP

Metabolites

Non-GDM (n = 207)

GDM (n = 207)

Multivariable model 1

Multivariable model 2

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

Combinations of rs7747752 genotypes and L-carnitine

 rs7747752

L-carnitine (in nmol/mL)

  GG

>150

51 (24.64)

12 (5.80)

1.00

-

1.00

-

  GG

≤150

13 (6.28)

31 (14.98)

6.09 (2.10–17.6)

<0.001

3.57 (1.00–12.7)

0.050

  CG

>150

81 (39.13)

29 (14.01)

1.22 (0.48–3.08)

0.676

1.18 (0.43–3.25)

0.744

  CG

≤150

20 (9.66)

74 (35.75)

15.9 (5.91–42.9)

<0.001

9.90 (3.12–31.4)

<0.001

  CC

>150

35 (16.91)

23 (11.11)

2.69 (0.96–7.53)

0.060

2.45 (0.78–7.70)

0.125

  CC

≤150

7 (3.38)

38 (18.35)

17.2 (5.02–58.9)

<0.001

14.6 (3.84–55.9)

<0.001

Combinations of rs7747752 genotypes and choline

 rs7747752

Choline (in nmol/mL)

  GG

>110

47 (22.71)

21 (10.14)

1.00

-

1.00

-

  GG

≤110

17 (8.21)

22 (10.63)

5.11 (1.79–14.6)

0.002

2.51 (0.68–9.27)

0.167

  CG

>110

82 (39.61)

53 (25.61)

2.03 (0.98–4.22)

0.057

1.85 (0.76–4.54)

0.178

  CG

≤110

19 (9.18)

50 (24.15)

9.04 (3.70–22.1)

<0.001

4.30 (1.49–12.4)

0.007

  CC

>110

33 (15.94)

33 (15.94)

3.31 (1.38–7.96)

0.008

2.84 (1.02–7.90)

0.045

  CC

≤110

9 (4.35)

28 (13.53)

16.6 (4.97–55.5)

<0.001

12.4 (3.10–49.2)

<0.001

Combinations of rs7747752 genotypes and betaine

 rs7747752

Betaine (in nmol/mL)

  GG

>200

59 (28.50)

26 (12.56)

1.00

-

1.00

-

  GG

≤200

5 (2.42)

17 (8.21)

9.16 (2.38–35.2)

0.001

3.45 (0.65–18.3)

0.145

  CG

>200

93 (44.93)

73 (35.27)

2.26 (1.18–4.31)

0.013

1.97 (0.90–4.34)

0.092

  CG

≤200

8 (3.86)

30 (14.49)

8.65 (3.07–24.4)

<0.001

3.76 (0.98–14.4)

0.053

  CC

>200

39 (18.84)

44 (21.26)

3.28 (1.43–7.52)

0.005

3.69 (1.36–10.0)

0.010

  CC

≤200

3 (1.45)

17 (8.21)

28.8 (6.17–134)

<0.001

9.18 (1.54–54.7)

0.015

  1. Abbreviations: SNP single nucleotide polymorphism, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. Multivariable model 1, adjusted for traditional risk factors, including pre-pregnancy BMI, family history of diabetes in first-degree relatives, systolic blood pressure, current smoker before pregnancy, gestational weeks at glucose challenge test, and weight gain to the time of glucose challenge test
  3. Multivariable model 2, adjusted for choline at ≤ 110 vs. > 110 nmol/mL and ≤ 270 vs. > 270 nmol/mL, betaine ≤ 200 nmol/mL, and L-carnitine ≤ 150 nmol/mL (except for testing of its own significance), in addition to the variables listed in multivariable model 1
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Genes & Nutrition

ISSN: 1865-3499

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