Fig. 2
From: The interactions of flavonoids within neuronal signalling pathways
Overview of MAP kinase and Akt/PKB signalling cascades in neurons. Flavonoid-induced activation of ERK1/2 or PI3K/Akt pathways acts to stimulate neuronal survival and/or enhance synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation relevant to the laying down of memory. In addition, inhibitory actions within JNK and p38 pathways are likely to be neuroprotective in the presence of stress