Table 1 Modulation of cellular energy metabolism by ectopic UCP1 expression in various tissues

Mitochondrial uncoupling regulated by purine nucleotides and fatty acids

Yes (Baumruk et al. 1999)

Yes (Keipert et al. 2010)

ND

Maximum mitochondrial respiration rates

ND

Unchanged (Si et al. 2007)

ND

Decreased (Ishigaki et al. 2005)

Mitochondrial biogenesis and/or content

Increased (Rossmeisl et al. 2002)

Content decreased (Han et al. 2004)

ND

Mitochondrial ROS production

ND

Reduced (Keipert et al. 2010)

ND

Cellular ATP levels

Decreased (Flachs et al. 2002; Yamada et al. 2006); increased AMP/ATP ratio (Matejkova et al. 2004)

Unchanged (Li et al. 2000) or decreased (Li et al. 2000; Couplan et al. 2002; Han et al. 2004) depending on expression level

Decreased (Gonzalez-Muniesa et al. 2006; Gonzalez-Muniesa et al. 2005)

AMPK phosphorylation

Increased (Matejkova et al. 2004)

Increased (Gates et al. 2007)

Increased (Ishigaki et al. 2005)

Increased basal and insulin stimulated (Neschen et al. 2008)

Cellular fat accumulation

Decreased (Yamada et al. 2006; Si et al. 2007; Si et al. 2009)

Unchanged (76) or increased (75)

Decreased (Ishigaki et al. 2005)