Table 2 List of natural HDAC modulators

Cyclic peptides^a

Apicidin D

Fusarium spp.

Class I

Han et al. (2000)

Azumamide E

Mycale izuensis

Class I

Maulucci et al. (2007)

Chlamydocin

Diheterospora chlamydosporia

Class I

De Schepper et al. (2003)

FR235222

Acremonium sp.

Class I

Petrella et al. (2008)

Trapoxin A and B

Corollospora intermedia

Class I

Furumai et al. (2001)

Depsipepides^a

FK228 (Romidepsin)

Chromobacterium violaceum

Class I

Approved by the FDA for CTCL

Furumai et al. (2002)

Largazole

Symploca sp.

Class I

Ying et al. (2008)

Spiruchostatin A

Pseudomonas

Class I

Crabb et al. (2008)

Flavonoïdes

Butein^#

Rhus verniciflua

SIRT1

Yang et al. (2009)

Daidzein^#

Soybean

SIRT1

Clinical phase IV

Rasbach and Schnellmann (2008)

Flavone

Feijoa sellowiana

HDAC1

Clinical phase II

Bontempo et al. (2007)

Genistein

Soy

Clinical phase IV

Basak et al. (2008)

Luteolin^#

Sweet pepper, celery, parsley

SIRT1

Attoub et al. (2011)

Pomiferin

Maclura pomifera

Class I

Son et al. (2007)

Quercetin^#

Citrus fruits, buckwheat

SIRT1

Clinical phase IV

Link et al. (2010)

Silibilin^#

Milk thistle

SIRT1

Zhou et al. (2006)

Hydroxamates^a

Amamistatin

Nocardia asteroides

Fennell and Miller (2007)

TSA

Streptomyces hygroscopius

Class I, II and IV

Too toxic

Woo et al. (2007)

Isothiocyanates

PEITC

Cruciferous vegetables

Class I

Clinical phase II

Wang et al. (2008)

Sulforaphane

Cruciferous vegetables

Clinical phase II

Myzak et al. (2004)

Organosulfures

AM

Garlic (Allium sativum)

HDAC8

Nian et al. (2008)

bis (4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide

Knotweed (Pleuropterus ciliinervis)

Class I

Son et al. (2007)

DADS

Garlic (Allium sativum)

Druesne et al. (2004)

Short-chain fatty acids^a

Sodium butyrate

Fermentation of dietary fibers

Class I, IIa and IV

Low stability

Davie (2003)

Sodium propionate

Fermentation of dietary fibers

ND

Aoyama et al. (2010)

Stilbenes

Piceatannol^#

Blueberries

SIRT1

Clinical phase IV

Wang et al. (2008)

Resveratrol^#

Red grapes

SIRT1

Others

Caffeine

Coffea arabica

HDAC5

Clinical phase IV

Mukwevho et al. (2008)

Cyclostelletamines

Marine sponges

Class I

Oku et al. (2004)

Dihydrocoumarin

Melilotous officinalis

SIRT1 and 2

Olaharski et al. (2005)

DIM

Cauliflower and broccoli

Class I

Clinical phase II

Bhatnagar et al. (2009)

Depudecin

Alternaria brassicicola

Kwon et al. (1998)

MCP30

Bitter melon seeds

Class I

Xiong et al. (2009)

Nicotinamide

Vitamin B3 metabolite

SIRT1

Clinical phase IV

Zhang et al. (2011)

Psammaplin A

Aplysinella rhax

Class I

Kim et al. (2007)