Table 1 Experiments showing influence of dietary vitamin E supplementation on α-tocopherol levels in muscle membranal fractions of livestock
Animal species | Muscle | Subcellular fractions | Dietary treatments | Results | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pig | Longissimus dorsi | Mitochondria, microsomes | 40 and 160 mg/kg diet | 2.7- and 2.6-fold increase of mitochondria and microsomes, respectively | Monahan et al. (1990b) |
Pig | Loin | Mitochondria, microsomes | 10, 100, 200 mg vitamin E/kg feed | Mitochondria: 8.3- and 12.0-fold increase with 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively Microsomes: 2.5- and 4.4-fold increase with 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively | Asghar et al. (1991) |
Pig | Muscle | Microsomes | 10 and 200 mg all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate/kg | 6.6-fold increase | Monahan et al. (1993) |
Cattle | Longissimus lumborum | Mitochondria, microsomes | 0 and 2,000 IU/day all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate/kg | 4.4-fold increase for mitochondria and microsomes | Arnold et al. (1993) |
Cattle | Leg muscle (semitendinosus, semimembranosus, adductor and biceps femoris) | Mitochondria, microsomes | 0 and 500 mg | 8- and 5.1-fold increase for mitochondria and microsomes | Engeseth et al. (1993) |
Chicken | Breast and thigh | Mitochondria, microsomes | 20 and 200 mg all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate/kg feed and either olive oil or tallow | Mitochondria: 3.2-fold increase for breast and muscle Microsomes: 4.7- and 6-fold increase for breast and thigh, respectively (tallow), and 2.4- and 2.6–fold for breast and thigh, respectively, for olive oil | Lauridsen et al. (1997) |
Pig | Gluteo biceps | Mitochondria, microsomes | 30, 200, and 1,000 mg vitamin E/kg feed (duration 4 weeks) | Mitochondria: 3.6- and 6.1-fold increase with 200 and 1,000, respectively Microsomes: 2.9- and 5.6-fold increase w 200 and 1,000 mg, respectively | Wen et al. (1997) |
Pig | Longissimus dorsi (ld) and psoas major (pm) | Mitochondria, microsomes | 20 and 200 mg all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate/kg feed | Mitochondria: 3.1- and 2.4-fold increase for pm and ld, respectively Microsomes: 2.1- and 2.2-fold increase for pm and ld, respectively | Lauridsen et al. (2000) |
Pig | Semimembranosus | Mitochondria, microsomes | 0, 200, and 500 mg all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate/kg feed | Mitochondria: 1.8- and 2.0-fold increase with 200 and 500 mg/kg, respectively Microsomes: 1.9- and 2.9-fold increase with 200 and 500 mg/kg, respectively | Onibi et al. (2000) |
Pig | Muscle (biceps femori and/or gluteus biceps) | Mitochondria, microsomes | 70, 150, and 250 mg all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate/kg feed to sows [muscles of piglets obtained at weaning (d 28 of age)] | Total α-tocopherol levels increased 1.6- and 1.8-fold increase in mitochondria and microsomes, respectively (70 vs. 250 mg/kg) | Lauridsen and Jensen (2005) |