Epidemiological profiles between equol producers and nonproducers: a genomewide association study of the equol-producing phenotype

Table 1 Basic characteristics, and anthropometric and blood biochemistry measurements of equol nonproducers and producers

Variables	Equol nonproducer^a	Equol producers^a	Rate of equol producers	P ^b	Effect size beta (SE)	P ^c	P ^d	P ^e	P ^f
Variables	(n = 416)	(n = 975)	Rate of equol producers	P ^b	Effect size beta (SE)	P ^c	P ^d	P ^e	P ^f
Cohorts [n]
Ansung	151	198	0.57	3.0 × 10 ⁻¹⁰
Ansan	265	777	0.75
Age (years)	52.9 (8.3)^g	51.6 (8.4)		0.012
Sex [n]
Men	193	565	0.75	7.4 × 10 ⁻⁵
Women	223	410	0.65
Alcohol drinking [n]
Never drinking	192	379	0.66	0.016
Stop drinking	194	536	0.66
Current drinking	28	54	0.73
Smoker [n]
Never smoking	238	492	0.67	0.043
Stop smoking	74	217	0.75
Current smoking	100	263	0.72
Pulse rate (n/min)	63.6 (7.3)	62.5 (6.9)		0.0056	−0.61 (0.41)	0.14	0.15	0.154	0.164
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	118.8 (17.8)	116.1 (17.7)		0.011	−1.03 (0.99)	0.299	0.296	0.354	0.316
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	76.1 (11.1)	74.3 (11.9)		0.0075	−1.35 (0.67)	0.045	0.04	0.043	0.034
Height (cm)	159.7 (8.8)	162.0 (8.5)		2.8 × 10 ⁻⁶	0.55 (0.32)	0.084	0.088	0.079	0.097
Body mass index (kg/m²)	25.1 (3.0)	24.8 (3.1)		0.19	−0.18 (0.18)	0.32	0.301	0.234	0.224
Fasting glucose (μg/dl)	85.3 (10.3)	85.6 (10.1)		0.57	−0.25 (0.67)	0.67	0.594	0.648	0.584
Fasting insulin (μg/dl)	7.57 (4.00)	7.31 (3.81)		0.23	−0.04 (0.23)	0.84	0.79	0.779	0.840
Total cholesterol (μg/dl)	195.6 (34.9)	197.9 (35.7)		0.28	0.56 (2.10)	0.81	0.837	0.846	0.883
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (μg/dl)	44.5 (9.8)	44.2 (9.6)		0.53	0.01 (0.57)	0.99	0.95	0.946	0.954
Triglycerides (μg/dl)	169.0 (93.6)	172.6 (114.3)		0.58	0.37 (6.43)	0.59	0.911	0.924	0.592

Statistically significant differences (p value <0.05) are shown underlined in bold
^aDetermined by fasting blood equol measurements
^bDetermined by t test or χ² test
^cLinear regression p value, controlling for area, age, and sex
^dLinear regression p value, controlling for area, age, sex, and alcohol drinking
^eLinear regression p value, controlling for area, age, sex, and smoking
^fLinear regression p value, controlling for area, age, sex, alcohol drinking, and smoking
^gMean (SD) (all such values)

ISSN: 1865-3499