The application of genetics and nutritional genomics in practice: an international survey of knowledge, involvement and confidence among dietitians in the US, Australia and the UK

Table 4 Knowledge, involvement and confidence of genetics and nutritional genomics among dietitians, mean (95 % CI)

Knowledge	All n = 1844	US n = 461	Australia n = 390	UK n = 993	p value (ANOVA)
Total score, % (16 qu)	56.3 (55.5–57.1)	55.6 (54.0–57.3)	58.0 (56.2–59.8)	55.9 (54.8–57.1)	0.119
Genetic score, % (12 qu)	61.8 (60.9–62.6)	58.9 (57.2–60.6)^a	64.0 (62.2–65.9)^b	62.2 (61.0–63.4)^b	<0.001
Nutritional genomics score, % (4 qu)	39.8 (38.5–41.1)	45.8 (43.2–48.3)^a	39.8 (36.9–42.8)^b	37.1 (35.3–38.8)^b	<0.001

Clinical activities (11 activities)	n = 1357	n = 319	n = 280	n = 758	p value (ANOVA)
Involvement (number of activities)	2.5 (2.3–2.6)	3.2 (2.9–3.5)^a	2.8 (2.6–3.1)^a	2.0 (1.9–2.2)^b	<0.001
Confidence score, %^d	29.7 (28.7–30.8)	38.4 (36.2–40.7)^a	33.0 (30.8–35.3)^b	24.9 (23.7–26.1)^c	<0.001

Educational activities (3 activities)	n = 638	n = 134	n = 93	n = 411	p value (ANOVA)
Involvement (number of activities)	0.6 (0.5–0.6)	0.8 (0.7–1.0)^a	0.6 (0.5–0.8)^b	0.5 (0.4–0.5)^c	<0.001
Confidence score, %^d	25.8 (24.1–27.5)	37.4 (33.6–41.3)^a	30.4 (25.2–35.6)^b	21.0 (19.1–22.0)^c	<0.001

Mean values with different superscripts (^{a, b, c}) were statistically significantly different following ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc correction
^dThe confidence score was calculated by the sum of confidence (0 ‘very low confidence’ to 4 ‘very high confidence’) for each activity, and this was presented as percentage of total possible score for clinical or educational activities. Therefore, 0 % is ‘very low confidence’ and 100 % is ‘very high confidence’

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