Males | Females | ANOVA | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | CR | Control | CR | |||
(a) Morphological traits | ||||||
21 Days | ||||||
Body weight (g) | 48.1 ± 2.1 | 37.1 ± 0.8* | 45.4 ± 1.1 | 36.9 ± 0.5* | R | |
Body length (cm) | 11.5 ± 0.2 | 10.8 ± 0.2* | 11.0 ± 0.2 | 10.4 ± 0.1* | R, S | |
Body fat (%) | 10.0 ± 0.4 | 8.68 ± 0.26* | 10.5 ± 0.3 | 8.87 ± 0.19* | R | |
iWAT (mg) | 294 ± 35 | 187 ± 19* | 307 ± 33 | 186 ± 26* | R | |
rWAT (mg) | 69.6 ± 9.9 | 40.1 ± 4.9* | 50.5 ± 3.7 | 24.9 ± 3.2* | R | |
Liver (g) | 1.68 ± 0.05 | 1.25 ± 0.08* | 1.76 ± 0.06 | 1.29 ± 0.03* | R | |
6 Months | ||||||
Body weight (g) | 498 ± 19 | 459 ± 17 | 281 ± 12 | 249 ± 11 | R, S | |
Body length (cm) | 24.2 ± 0.5 | 24.0 ± 0.3 | 20.8 ± 0.3 | 20.3 ± 0.2 | S | |
Body fat (%) | 20.7 ± 2.2 | 22.1 ± 1.6 | 22.1 ± 2.3 | 14.5 ± 1.2* | RxS | |
iWAT (g) | 9.95 ± 1.20 | 10.7 ± 0.7 | 3.93 ± 0.37 | 2.14 ± 0.45* | RxS | |
rWAT (g) | 12.8 ± 1.7 | 12.4 ± 1.0 | 4.53 ± 0.67 | 2.16 ± 0.23* | RxS | |
Liver (g) | 16.0 ± 0.9 | 13.4 ± 0.6* | 8.13 ± 0.47 | 7.35 ± 0.28 | S, R | |
(b) Circulating parameters | ||||||
21 Days | ||||||
Glucose (mg/dL) | Fed | 137 ± 7 | 120 ± 3* | 141 ± 5 | 116 ± 4* | R |
Insulin (ng/L) | Fed | 0.111 ± 0.042 | 0.044 ± 0.010 | 0.105 ± 0.020 | 0.037 ± 0.004* | R |
Leptin (ng/L) | Fed | 0.941 ± 0.154 | 0.408 ± 0.045* | 1.05 ± 0.11 | 0.585 ± 0.162* | R |
NEFA (nM) | Fed | 1.46 ± 0.13 | 1.50 ± 0.14 | 1.37 ± 0.19 | 1.59 ± 0.13 | |
TG (mg/mL) | Fed | 1.02 ± 0.14 | 0.893 ± 0.130 | 0.938 ± 0.094 | 0.851 ± 0.042 | |
6 Months | ||||||
Glucose (mg/dL) | Fed | 108 ± 3 | 107 ± 6 | 105 ± 4 | 102 ± 4 | |
Fasting | 98 ± 8 | 95 ± 3# | 102 ± 3 | 90 ± 1*,# | R (p = 0.059) | |
Insulin (ng/L) | Fed | 2.77 ± 0.94 | 1.44 ± 0.26 | 0.835 ± 0.102 | 0.459 ± 0.050* | R (p = 0.069), S |
Fasting | 0.920 ± 0.379# | 1.06 ± 0.24# | 0.558 ± 0.121# | 0.287 ± 0.047# | ||
HOMA-IR | Fasting | 5.37 ± 2.38 | 5.77 ± 1.01 | 3.33 ± 0.75 | 1.67 ± 0.32 | S |
Leptin (ng/L) | Fed | 15.8 ± 2.2 | 13.4 ± 1.1 | 6.07 ± 0.94 | 1.74 ± 0.19* | RxS |
NEFA (nM) | Fed | 0.851 ± 0.152 | 0.910 ± 0.056 | 1.33 ± 0.24 | 0.866 ± 0.086 | |
TG (mg/mL) | Fed | 1.61 ± 0.08 | 1.40 ± 0.19 | 1.02 ± 0.12 | 0.920 ± 0.073 | S |