Fig. 1
From: Bioavailability and molecular activities of anthocyanins as modulators of endothelial function
Endothelial cells functions. Endothelium plays a critical role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. ECs function as a barrier regulating the flow of nutrient substances and different biologically active molecules. The endothelium is essential in controlling the passage of fluid into tissue, in modulating cellular trafficking and coagulation, and in regulating blood pressure. The endothelium also plays a key role in the regulation of immune responses, and the endothelial cell layer serves as the gateway for the entry of leukocytes into tissue in response to inflammatory stimuli. CAMs cell adhesion molecules, NO nitric oxide, PGI2 prostacyclin, TXA2 thromboxane A2, ET endothelin, ROS reactive oxygen species, tPA tissue plasminogen activator, PAI-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, PAF platelet-activating factor, TF tissue factor