Fig. 3

Hepatic expression of genes involved in fatty acid utilization and hepatic insulin signaling at the end of the experimental periods. OVX-control, OVX rats fed a high-fat diet with 2 % dextrin; BC, OVX rats fed a high-fat diet with 2 % lyophilized water extracts of black carrot; BCAO, 2 % lyophilized water extract of black carrot fermented with Asperillus oryzae; BCLP, OVX rats fed a high-fat diet with 2 % lyophilized water extract of black carrot fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum; normal-control, Sham rats fed a high-fat diet with 2 % dextrin. The mRNA levels of hepatic genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and oxidation were measured by real-time PCR (a). Hepatic insulin signaling was determined by immunoblotting assays (b). Each bar represents the mean ± SD (n = 5). ^a,b,cDifferent superscript letters indicate significant differences among OVX rats by Tukey’s test at P < 0.05. ^†Significantly different between the OVX-CON and Sham-CON groups by two-sampled t test at P < 0.05