Fig. 4

Triglyceride accumulation and mRNA expression of adipogenic markers in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes. a Triglyceride contents in 3T3-L1 adipocytes after the vehicle (DMSO), 5 or 20 μM cyanidin, malvidin, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, or malvidin-3,5-diglycoside or 5 or 2 μM rosiglitazone were incubated with high-glucose DMEM media in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts during the entire period of incubation, including the period with differentiation inducers (n = 3). b The mRNA expression of CPT-1, FAS, and SREBP-1c in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes after the treatment with vehicle, 20 μM cyanidin, malvidin, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, or malvidin-3,5-diglycoside or 2 μM rosiglitazone in high-glucose DMEM media during the entire period of incubation, including the period with differentiation inducers. The results represented the ratio of mRNA levels of the gene of interest (CPT-1, FAS, and SREBP-1c) and those of the housekeeping gene (β-actin) in arbitrary units (AU) (n = 3). ^a,b,c Superscript letters indicate a significant difference at P < 0.05 according to the Tukey’s test. ^†Significantly different from the control (DMSO) by two-sampled t test at P < 0.05