Cyanidin and malvidin in aqueous extracts of black carrots fermented with Aspergillus oryzae prevent the impairment of energy, lipid and glucose metabolism in estrogen-deficient rats by AMPK activation

Table 2 Metabolic parameters at the end of the 12-week treatment

	OVX-CON (n = 10)	OVX-BC (n = 10)	OVX-BCLP (n = 10)	OVX-BCAO (n = 10)	Sham-CON (n = 10)
Body weight (g)	420.1 ± 33.3^a	412.4 ± 32.2^a	409.7 ± 28.5^a	380.3 ± 30.3^b	386.2 ± 40.5^†
Body weight gain (g)	107.8 ± 13.8^a	94.7 ± 10.7^b	91.4 ± 12.5^b	72.4 ± 11.5^c	85.7 ± 10.3^†
Peri-uterine fat/body weight (g/kg bw)	0.046 ± 0.005^a	0.042 ± 0.007^a,b	0.04 ± 0.005^b	0.035 ± 0.004^c	0.037 ± 0.004^†
Retroperitoneal fat/body weight (g/kg bw)	0.033 ± 0.004^a	0.035 ± 0.005^a	0.028 ± 0.003^b	0.023 ± 0.003^c	0.026 ± 0.003^†
Uterus weight (g)	0.22 ± 0.05	0.25 ± 0.05	0.26 ± 0.04	0.27 ± 0.06	0.73 ± 0.10^†
Serum 17β-estradiol levels (pg/ml)	1.4 ± 0.4	1.7 ± 0.6	1.8 ± 0.6	2.0 ± 0.7	5.3 ± 1.0^†

OVX-CON, OVX rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with 2 % dextrin; BC, OVX rats fed HFD with 2 % lyophilized water extracts of black carrot; BCAO, 2 % lyophilized water extract of black carrot fermented with Asperillus oryzae; BCLP, OVX rats fed HFD with 2 % lyophilized water extract of black carrot fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum; Sham-CON, Sham rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with 2 % dextrin
Mean ± standard deviation (n = 10)
^†Significantly different from the OVX-CON by two-sampled t test at P < 0.05
^a,b,cValues in the same column with different superscripts were significantly different by Tukey’s test at P < 0.05

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