Fig. 5
From: β-Carotene-induced apoptosis is mediated with loss of Ku proteins in gastric cancer AGS cells
Effect of NAC and z-DEVED-fmk on β-carotene-induced increase in mitochondrial ROS levels, and MMP loss in AGS cells. The cells were pretreated with NAC (2 mM) or z-DEVED-fmk (5 μM) for 2 h and then cultured with β-carotene (100 μM) for 30 min. a Mitochondrial ROS levels were determined by measuring MitoSOX Red signals. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. b MMP was analyzed with flow cytometry. The relative fluorescence intensity of the cells treated without β-carotene (none) was set at 100 %. The results are expressed as the mean ± SEM of four separate experiments. *p < 0.05 versus cells treated without β-carotene; +p < 0.05 versus control cells treated with β-carotene alone