Table 1 Changes in the physical and biochemical parameters for the F₀ generation receiving control diet or HFD

Male

n

18

20

18

19

15

19

4

Body weight (g)

401 ± 8.32

423 ± 11.46

521 ± 10.20

591 ± 18.89*

606 ± 13.06

721 ± 26.24*

425 ± 11.90

BMI (kg/m²)

6.20 ± 0.07

6.29 ± 0.12

6.83 ± 0.09

7.49 ± 0.18*

7.89 ± 0.11

9.01 ± 0.26*

5.2 ± 0.19

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.51 ± 0.07

1.70 ± 0.09*

1.40 ± 0.11

1.72 ± 0.11

1.71 ± 0.13*

2.52 ± 0.18*

3.01 ± 0.26

Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

4.44 ± 0.11

4.77 ± 0.08*

4.55 ± 0.13

4.88 ± 0.08

5.50 ± 0.19*

6.16 ± 0.16*

21.54 ± 0.61

Postprandial glucose (mmol/L)

7.22 ± 0.40

9.27 ± 0.89

6.38 ± 0.23

7.77 ± 0.36*

7.33 ± 0.21

9.66 ± 0.40*

–

Insulin (pmol/L)

215 ± 19

294 ± 79

262 ± 31

489 ± 37*

271 ± 37

518 ± 45*

101 ± 22

HOMA IR

9.41 ± 0.85

9.07 ± 0.63

10.45 ± 1.15

17.65 ± 4.35

10.63 ± 1.73

19.28 ± 2.61*

15.90 ± 3.30

Female

n

17

20

17

20

11

12

Body weight (g)

242 ± 4.89

261 ± 5.33*

270 ± 5.73

305 ± 8.96*

318 ± 15.09

363 ± 20.19*

–

BMI (kg/m²)

5.12 ± 0.08

5.39 ± 0.08*

5.18 ± 0.08

5.64 ± 0.13*

5.96 ± 0.20

6.57 ± 0.29

–

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.16 ± 0.13

1.29 ± 0.10

1.71 ± 0.07

1.53 ± 0.06

1.60 ± 0.06

1.68 ± 0.09

–

Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

4.83 ± 0.17

5.61 ± 0.26*

4.88 ± 0.15

5.50 ± 0.13*

5.61 ± 0.35

6.33 ± 0.47

–

Postprandial glucose (mmol/L)

6.66 ± 0.23

7.49 ± 0.44

5.72 ± 0.09

5.94 ± 0.12

7.11 ± 0.35

7.72 ± 0.35

–

Insulin (pmol/L)

129 ± 16

121 ± 15

168 ± 38

243 ± 66

209 ± 22

285 ± 15*

–

HOMA IR

5.48 ± 0.80

4.96 ± 0.99

7.26 ± 1.99

7.96 ± 1.34

9.11 ± 1.36

13.18 ± 1.42*

–