Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and the Pro12Ala polymorphisms of PPARG regulate serum lipids through divergent pathways: a randomized crossover clinical trial

Table 3 Clinical characteristics before and after the diet with high PUFA or the diet with high SAFA content

	PUFA (n = 31)				PUFA effect	SAFA (n = 31)				SAFA effect	End of the study	Diet effect Mixed model
	Start		End		PUFA effect	Start		End		SAFA effect	End of the study	Diet effect Mixed model
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	P ^†	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	P ^†	P ^†	P ^‡	FDR^§
Weight (kg)	83.4	10.6	83.8	10.9	0.236	83.2	10.8	83.7	10.6	0.058	0.749	0.904	0.956
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)	5.9	0.6	5.7	0.5	0.011*	5.8	0.5	5.7	0.6	0.146	0.861	0.998	0.998
Fasting plasma insulin (mU/l)	54.6	24.9	60.6	30.1	0.136	57.6	31.0	60.6	33.2	0.403	0.960	0.805	0.956
Fasting plasma FFA (mmol/l)	0.42	0.14	0.35	0.12	0.052	0.40	0.13	0.41	0.16	0.532	0.093	0.076	0.289
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)	5.17	0.93	4.99	0.82	0.015*	5.06	0.82	5.33	0.90	0.017*	0.002*	0.001*	0.011*
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)	1.33	0.38	1.39	0.38	0.248	1.35	0.31	1.35	0.30	0.971	0.311	0.261	0.626
LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)	3.15	0.83	2.94	0.69	0.007*	3.07	0.67	3.18	0.75	0.023*	0.010*	0.008*	0.022*
Total triglycerides (mmol/l)	1.19	0.47	1.04	0.38	0.007*	1.18	0.56	1.30	0.61	0.071	0.001*	0.002*	0.011*
Apolipoprotein A1 (g/l)	1.37	0.21	1.38	0.21	0.818	1.39	0.17	1.40	0.16	0.687	0.355	0.897	0.956
Apolipoprotein B (g/l)	0.97	0.21	0.94	0.20	0.074	0.95	0.20	1.01	0.22	0.058	0.012*	0.003*	0.011*

^† Paired samples t-test for the change during the diet (PUFA or SAFA) and for the difference at the end of the diets; ^‡ Mixed-model analysis for the effect of diet during the intervention, adjusted for the diet, phase, and week of the intervention; ^§ Mixed-model analysis P values FDR adjusted for multiple testing; * P < 0.05

ISSN: 1865-3499