Table 2 Dietary intake in the CD and healthy ND group at baseline and end of intervention

Baseline

End

Baseline

End

Unadjusted

Adjusted

P ^a

Energy, kJ

8074 ± 2173

8301 ± 1542

8077 ± 1757

8537 ± 1791

235 (−484 to 954)

297 (−218 to 813)

0.254

Protein, E%

17.2 ± 2.4

17.0 ± 2.3

16.7 ± 2.7

16.8 ± 2.3

−0.1 (−1.1 to 0.9)

0.1 (−0.8 to 1.0)

0.772

Carbohydrate, E%

46.4 ± 2.3

43.2 ± 7.0

45.1 ± 5.8

45.5 ± 5.2

2.3 (0.6 to 4.5)

2.5 (0.5 to 4.4)

0.013

Sucrose, g

40.1 ± 17.3

34.8 ± 15.4

41.2 ± 15.2

37.6 ± 15.6

2.8 (−3.9 to 9.4)

1.8 (−4.0 to 7.6)

0.541

Fat, E%

32.1 ± 6.2

35.7 ± 5.1

32.5 ± 7.3

32.9 ± 5.1

−2.8 (−4.9 to − 0.6)

−2.9 (−5.0 to − 0.9)

0.005

SFA, E%

13.0 ± 3.2

15.3 ± 2.9

13.2 ± 3.5

10.8 ± 2.3

−4.5 (−5.6 to − 3.4)

−4.8 (−5.8 to − 3.7)

<0.001

MUFA, E%

11.5 ± 2.3

12.8 ± 2.0

11.6 ± 2.8

12.7 ± 2.2

−0.1 (−1.0 to 0.8)

−0.1 (−0.9 to 0.7)

0.864

PUFA, E%

4.7 ± 1.6

4.5 ± 1.1

4.9 ± 1.4

6.9 ± 1.5

2.5 (1.9 to 3.0)

2.5 (1.9 to 3.0)

<0.001

Linoleic acid, g

7.3 ± 2.4

8.2 ± 2.8

8.0 ± 3.0

8.7 ± 3.9

0.5 (−0.9 to 2.0)

0.5 (−0.9 to 1.9)

0.517

α-Linolenic acid, g

1.2 ± 0.6

1.4 ± 0.7

1.2 ± 0.6

2.0 ± 1.4

0.7 (0.2 to 1.2)

0.7 (0.4 to 1.1)

<0.001

Fiber, g

21.2 ± 6.5

16.4 ± 4.9

21.7 ± 7.2

36 ± 10.1

19.6 (16.2 to 23.1)

19.5 (16.2 to 22.8)

<0.001

Cholesterol, mg

268 ± 127

283 ± 118

254 ± 102

214 ± 74

−69 (−111 to − 28)

−58 (−90 to − 25)

0.001

Salt, g

7.2 ± 2.9

7.0 ± 2.0

7.1 ± 2.2

6.5 ± 2.4

−0.4 (−1.4 to 0.5)

−0.3 (−1.1 to 0.5)

0.478

β-Carotene, mg

2561 ± 2090

1733 ± 1173

2449 ± 1891

2987 ± 1857

1254 (578 to 1930)

1213 (543 to 1884)

0.001

Vitamin C, mg

120 ± 100

66 ± 32

112 ± 59

138 ± 50

72 (54 to 90)

72 (54 to 91)

<0.001

Vitamin E, mg

8.9 ± 3.4

8.2 ± 2.2

9.5 ± 3.4

13.6 ± 3.0

5.3 (4.2 to 6.5)

5.2 (4.1 to 6.2)

<0.001

Folate, mg

251 ± 76

226 ± 63

271 ± 83

343 ± 172

117 (60 to 174)

104 (51 to 158)

<0.001

Sodium, mg

2855 ± 1151

2722 ± 78

2813 ± 878

2654 ± 980

−68 (−451 to 314)

−27 (−337 to 284)

0.865

Potassium, mg

3711 ± 1175

3276 ± 933

3626 ± 975

4017 ± 910

742 (348 to 1135)

767 (482 to 1053)

<0.001

Magnesium, mg

359 ± 111

309 ± 82

370 ± 101

421 ± 101

112 (73 to 152)

106 (79 to 132)

<0.001

Calcium, mg

1006 ± 411

951 ± 383

967 ± 370

997 ± 310

46 (−102 to 193)

60 (−43 to 163)

0.250

Alcohol, E%

2.1 ± 2.8

3.0 ± 3.3

3.0 ± 4.1

1.8 ± 2.9

−1.2 (−2.5 to 0.1)

−1.2 (−2.3 to − 0.1)

0.036