Ancient pathogen-driven adaptation triggers increased susceptibility to non-celiac wheat sensitivity in present-day European populations

Table 1 Basic descriptive and neutrality statistics for the examined candidate genes

Gene	Sample	N	S	π (×10⁻⁴)	D	D′	F
CXCL9 (6.4 kb)	AFR	492	40	4.5 (0.992)	−1.403 (0.007)	−0.037 (0.568)	−0.800 (0.169)
	EAS	572	18	2.8 (0.838)	−0.766 (0.158)	−0.253 (0.493)	−0.562 (0.136)
	EUR	758	16	3.7 (0.329)	0.1504 (0.621)	−1.371 (0.154)	−0.859 (0.179)
	NCWS	36	6	3.7 (0.026)	1.734 (0.025)	0.382 (0.206)	0.950 (0.176)
CXCL10 (4 kb)	AFR	492	32	13.3 (0.259)	0.348 (0.289)	−0.643 (0.332)	−0.202 (0.440)
	EAS	572	26	6.6 (0.741)	−0.746 (0.252)	−1.146 (0.198)	−1.185 (0.136)
	EUR	758	22	15.8 (0.009)	2.608 (0.006)	0.608 (0.104)	1.772 (0.025)
	NCWS	36	16	16.8 (0.003)	2.442 (0.003)	1.266 (0.105)	2.007 (0.009)
CXCL11 (3.5 kb)	AFR	492	34	24.2 (0.040)	1.827 (0.032)	1.683 (0.006)	2.080 (0.010)
	EAS	572	28	13.8 (0.762)	0.492 (0.247)	1.446 (0.018)	1.277 (0.082)
	EUR	758	35	29.0 (0.005)	2.822 (0.002)	−0.127 (0.466)	1.396 (0.056)
	NCWS	36	22	28.9 (0.0006)	3.072 (0.0001)	1.832 (0.0001)	2.716 (0.0002)

In brackets, p values obtained by 10,000 coalescent simulations conditioned on local recombination and mutation rates
Numbers in italics are the results significant after ABH correction for multiple testing to control FDR at α = 0.01
N number of chromosomes, S number of segregating sites, π nucleotide diversity, D Tajima’s D, D′ Fu and Li’s D, F Fu and Li’s F, AFR Africans, EAS East Asians, EUR Europeans, NCWS Italian individuals affected by non-celiac wheat sensitivity

ISSN: 1865-3499